Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on mandibular fracture healing: A randomized control trial

Introduction: Currently, the pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) method is utilized for the treatment of nonunion long bone fractures. Considering the established effect of the PEMF on the acceleration of the bone healing process, we conducted this study to evaluate the effect of PEMF on the healing process in mandibular bone fractures. Material and methods:: This research was a randomized control trial (RCT) study. The sample consisted of patients with a mandibular fracture who were hospitalized in order to receive closed reduction treatment. The participants were randomly selected and then sequentially divided into two groups of 16 participants each (controls = 16, cases = 16). The patients in the control group received conventional therapy without any extra treatment, while the patients in the case group received PEMF therapy in addition to conventional therapy. For the PEMF therapy, patients in the case group received immediate post-surgery PEMF therapy for 6 h. Next, they received 3 h of exposure for the next 6 d, and finally, the same process was repeated for 1.5 h for post-surgery days 8–13. The maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) device was removed at post-surgery week 4. The patients in the control group, however, did not receive any extra treatment. The efficiency of the treatment modalities was evaluated clinically and radiographically. For the radiographical assessment, we employed a direct digital panoramic machine to calculate the computerized density of the bone, and those measurements were used for comparison of the results between the control group and the study patients. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean bone density values between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the percentage of changes in bone density of the two groups revealed that the case group had insignificant decreases at post-surgery day 14 and a significant increase at post-surgery day 28 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After releasing the MMF, a bimanual mobility test of the fractured segments showed the stability of the segments in all patients. In the case group, the mouth opening was significantly more stable than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PEMF therapy postoperatively leads to increased bone density, faster recovery, increased formation of new bone, a further opening of the mouth, and decreased pai

Effects of pulsed magnetic field on healing of tibial bone lesion in rabbits

Background: The effects of non-invasive physical agents on wound and bone fracture healing have been considered by investigators of different medical fields. Several studies have been conducted about the effects of magnetic field on bone fracture healing. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pulsed magnetic fields on healing of tibial bone lesion in rabbits. Methods: This experimental study was performed in Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences in 2014. Eight New Zealand male rabbits were divided into control (with bone lesion) and experimental (with bone lesion and under pulsed magnetic field therapy) groups. A 4×10 cm bone lesion with 2 mm depth was made by surgery on both tibias of each rabbit. One month after surgery, the rabbits in the experimental group underwent 75 Hz pulsed magnetic field therapy with 4 mT intensity in lesion site for 30 days and 4 hours a day. Forty, 50 and 60 days after surgery, bone healing was evaluated with digital radiographs and bone density was measured in lesion sites. Data were analyzed using T- test. Findings: Mean relative bone density in lesion sites was 138.50, 150.73 and 168.30 for 8 bit grey scale in the experimental group during three consecutive imaging and showed %17.89, %15.46 and %16.59 increase in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: With regards to the results, it seems that pulsed magnetic field therapy improves healing of bone fracture through increasing bone density in fracture site and can be used after orthopedic surgeries

Development of 62Zn bleomycin as a possible PET tracer

Abstract Bleomycin (BLM), labeled with radioisotopes, is widely used in therapy and diagnosis. In this study, BLM was labeled with 62Zn for oncologic PET studies. The complex was obtained at pH = 2 in saline at 90°C in 25 min. Radio-TLC showed an overall radiochemical yield of 95 97% (radiochemical purity > 97%). Stability of complex was checked in vitro in mice and human plasma/urine. Preliminary in vivo studies were performed to determine complex stability and distribution of 62Zn BLM in normal and fibrosarcoma-bearing mice. 62Zn BLM accumulated significantly in induced fibrosarcoma tumors in mice according to biodistribution/imaging studies. 62Zn BLM can be used in PET oncology studies due to its suitable physicochemical properties as a diagnostic complex in vitro and in vivo. Further studies should be performed for evaluation of the complex behavior in larger mammals

Evaluation of prognostic factors associated with differentiated thyroid carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis

Background: Because one of the major sites for metastasis of thyroid cancers is the lung, studying the pattern of pulmonary metastasis may provide useful information for the effective treatment of these patients. In this study, by assessing the metastasis pattern, we aimed to identify the factors thatmay affect prognosis and response to treatment in patientswith differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with pulmonary metastasis. Methods: This retrospective study included 75 patients with DTC with pulmonary metastasis whowere referred to our nuclear medicine section over a period of 10 years. The data obtained were analyzed with regard to response to treatment to assess the effects of the included factors on prognosis. Results: Of the 1746 patients referred to our section, 75 (4.3%) had pulmonary metastasis. According to the pattern of pulmonary metastasis, they were divided into 4 groups: nodular, diffuse, combined, and other. The mean age of the patients was 43.8 ± 18.5 years. After the follow-up, 58 patients survived, 14 of whom responded to the treatment. The mean number of radioiodine therapy sessions that the patients received was 3.2 ± 2, and the mean cumulative dose was 554.7 ± 387.8 mCi. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that there was no significant difference in the response to treatment between patients with different patterns of pulmonary metastasis (P > 0.3). However, significant differences were reported in the response to treatment between patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and those with follicular thyroid carcinoma (P < 0.03). The 1-, 5-, and 9-year survival rates were reported as 98%, 76%, and 51%, respectively. Conclusions: Patients with DTC with pulmonary metastasis have a relatively favorable prognosis and response rate, as well as longer survival. The type of DTC is the only factor that affects the response to treatment. © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved

Factors That Impact Evaluation of Left Ventricular Systolic Parameters in Myocardial Perfusion Gated SPECT with 16 Frame and 8 Frame Acquisition Models

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the effects of heart cavity volume, presence and absence of perfusion defect, gender and type of study (stress and rest) on the difference of systolic parameters of myocardial perfusion scan in 16 and 8 framing gated SPECT imaging. METHODS: Cardiac gated SPECT in both 16 and 8 framing simultaneously and both stress and rest phases at one-day protocol was performed for 50 patients. Data have been reconstructed by filter back projection (FBP) method and left ventricular (LV) systolic parameters were calculated by using QGS software. The effect of some factors such as LV cavity volume, presence and absence of perfusion defect, gender and type of study on data difference between 8 and 16 frames were evaluated. RESULTS: The differences in ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) in both stress and rest were statistically significant. Difference in both framing was more in stress for EF and ESV, and was more in rest for EDV. Study type had a significant effect on differences in systolic parameters while gender had a significant effect on differences in EF and ESV in rest between both framings. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, results of this study revealed that difference of both 16 and 8 frames data in systolic phase were statistically significant and it seems that because of better efficiency of 16 frames, it cannot be replaced by 8 frames. Further well-designed studies are required to verify these findings

Management of gastrointestinal complaints in differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with 131I: Comparison of the efficacy of pantoprazole, metoclopra-mide, and ondansetron – a randomized clinical trial

Objective: To compare safety and efficacy of pantoprazol, metoclopramide, ondansetron, as compared to placebo, in controlling gastrointestinal (GI) complaints of thyroid cancer patients treated with I-131these patients. Design: Four-armed, parallel group, single blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, setting: A university hospital, registration: database for clinical trials IRCT2013061713705N1. Patients: 85 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who received131I. Main outcome measures: Post-radioiodine nausea and vomiting within three days of therapy (primary endpoint); occurrence of adverse reaction. Results: The patients' characteristics were similar within the study groups. Among the study variables, age, sex, administered dosage, history of previous GI complaints, and history of hyper -emesis gravidarum in female patients were not statistically different among the groups (p > 0.05). The results revealed that only ond-ansetron shows a therapeutic benefit over the placebo in controlling nausea (p 0.05). The other two drugs, pantoprazole and meto-clopramide, did not control nausea (p > 0.05) or vomiting (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study may demonstrate that the therapeutic dose of ondansetron could be an effective prophylactic agent in controlling GI complaints in differential thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients following RAI therapy; however, these pre -liminary findings should be validated in larger studies. © Schattauer 2014