2,808 research outputs found
The split-operator technique for the study of spinorial wavepacket dynamics
The split-operator technique for wave packet propagation in quantum systems
is expanded here to the case of propagating wave functions describing
Schr\"odinger particles, namely, charge carriers in semiconductor
nanostructures within the effective mass approximation, in the presence of
Zeeman effect, as well as of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions. We
also demonstrate that simple modifications to the expanded technique allow us
to calculate the time evolution of wave packets describing Dirac particles,
which are relevant for the study of transport properties in graphene.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
Wavepacket scattering on graphene edges in the presence of a (pseudo) magnetic field
The scattering of a Gaussian wavepacket in armchair and zigzag graphene edges
is theoretically investigated by numerically solving the time dependent
Schr\"odinger equation for the tight-binding model Hamiltonian. Our theory
allows to investigate scattering in reciprocal space, and depending on the type
of graphene edge we observe scattering within the same valley, or between
different valleys. In the presence of an external magnetic field, the well know
skipping orbits are observed. However, our results demonstrate that in the case
of a pseudo-magnetic field, induced by non-uniform strain, the scattering by an
armchair edge results in a non-propagating edge state.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Lattice Energies from Hydration Enthalpies: Some acid-base and Structural Considerations
In the present work, using reference values for the hydration enthalpies for a series of mono, di, tri and tetra cations, as well as reference values for the lattice energies of a series of nono, di, tri and tetrahalides, it is shown that reliable lattice energies for such halides can be calculated by UPOT = (ΔHhyd+ + ΔHhyd-), by UPOT = (ΔHhyd+ + 2ΔHhyd-), by UPOT = (ΔHhyd+ + 3ΔHhyd-) or by UPOT = (ΔHhyd+ + 4ΔHhyd-) for mono, di, tri and tetrahalides, respectively. Linearized improved versions of such simply equations, parametrized in order to take into account factors such as dilution and entropic contributions, were also obtained. Lattice energies for a series of halides and other salts are calculated by using the obtained empirical equations, providing results in very good agreement with literature reference values. Furthermore, a series of empirical equations were derived, relating several acid-base parameters with lattice energy. It is shown that the cation and anion volumes (obtained by X-ray data), are very closely related with the cation and anion absolute hardness, that is, are very closely relates with the frontier (HOMO and LUMO) orbitals energies
All-strain based valley filter in graphene nanoribbons using snake states
A pseudo-magnetic field kink can be realized along a graphene nanoribbon
using strain engineering. Electron transport along this kink is governed by
snake states that are characterized by a single propagation direction. Those
pseudo-magnetic fields point towards opposite directions in the K and K'
valleys, leading to valley polarized snake states. In a graphene nanoribbon
with armchair edges this effect results in a valley filter that is based only
on strain engineering. We discuss how to maximize this valley filtering by
adjusting the parameters that define the stress distribution along the graphene
ribbon.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Parametrização de um modelo para estimativa da produtividade de soja para as regiões sul e centro-oeste do Brasil.
A produtividade de qualquer cultivo agrícola é resultado da interação genótipo e ambiente. No Brasil, cerca de 95% das indenizações pagas pelos instrumentos públicos de seguridade agrícola do Brasil estão relacionados à seca ou aos eventos de à chuva em excesso, mostrando sua importância. Na cultura de soja há dois períodos críticos no caso de déficit hídrico: da semeadura à emergência e no enchimento dos grãos. Em se tratando de um país como o Brasil cuja dimensão é continental e o cultivo de soja é nacional, a utilização de modelos que permitam obter estimativas confiáveis, rápidas e que necessitem de poucos dados operacionais são essenciais para seu gerenciamento. Usando o Modelo da Zona Agroecológica (MZA) foi feita a estimativa da produtividade de soja, a fim de se utilizar dados de fácil obtenção e que permitissem sua utilização em diversas localidades. O modelo foi avaliado para as condições das regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste entre as safras entre 2002 a 2006. Comparou-se as estimativas com os dados experimentais, verificando-se o bom desempenho do método para as regiões estudadas, com R²=0,54 numa análise global, mas com R²=0,97 para Dourados (MS) e R²=0,70 para Londrina (PR).CBA 2009
Out-of-phase oscillation between superfluid and thermal components for a trapped Bose condensate under oscillatory excitation
The vortex nucleation and the emergence of quantum turbulence induced by
oscillating magnetic fields, introduced by Henn E A L, et al. 2009 (Phys. Rev.
A 79, 043619) and Henn E A L, et al. 2009 (Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 045301), left
a few open questions concerning the basic mechanisms causing those interesting
phenomena. Here, we report the experimental observation of the slosh dynamics
of a magnetically trapped Rb Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) under the
influence of a time-varying magnetic field. We observed a clear relative
displacement in between the condensed and the thermal fraction center-of-mass.
We have identified this relative counter move as an out-of-phase oscillation
mode, which is able to produce ripples on the condensed/thermal fractions
interface. The out-of-phase mode can be included as a possible mechanism
involved in the vortex nucleation and further evolution when excited by time
dependent magnetic fields.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, 25 reference
Transition from single-file to two-dimensional diffusion of interacting particles in a quasi-one-dimensional channel
Diffusive properties of a monodisperse system of interacting particles
confined to a \textit{quasi}-one-dimensional (Q1D) channel are studied using
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We calculate numerically the mean-squared
displacement (MSD) and investigate the influence of the width of the channel
(or the strength of the confinement potential) on diffusion in finite-size
channels of different shapes (i.e., straight and circular). The transition from
single-file diffusion (SFD) to the two-dimensional diffusion regime is
investigated. This transition (regarding the calculation of the scaling
exponent () of the MSD ) as a
function of the width of the channel, is shown to change depending on the
channel's confinement profile. In particular the transition can be either
smooth (i.e., for a parabolic confinement potential) or rather sharp/stepwise
(i.e., for a hard-wall potential), as distinct from infinite channels where
this transition is abrupt. This result can be explained by qualitatively
different distributions of the particle density for the different confinement
potentials.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure
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