EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS FOR OVERLAPPING CORRELATION CLUSTERING

Abstract. In Overlapping Correlation Clustering (OCC), a number of objects are assigned to clusters. Two objects in the same cluster have correlated characteristics. As opposed to traditional clustering where objects are assigned to a single cluster, in OCC objects may be assigned to one or more clusters. since an object can have characteristics that are correlated with objects in more than one cluster. In this paper, we present Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithms for OCC. Computational experiments are presented. 1

Learning in Experimental 2 X 2 Games

In this paper, we introduce two new learning models: impulse-matching learning and action-sampling learning. These two models together with the models of self-tuning EWA and reinforcement learning are applied to 12 different 2 x 2 games and their results are compared with the results from experimental data. We test whether the models are capable of replicating the aggregate distribution of behavior, as well as correctly predicting individuals' round-by-round behavior. Our results are two-fold: while the simulations with impulse-matching and action-sampling learning successfully replicate the experimental data on the aggregate level, individual behavior is best described by self-tuning EWA. Nevertheless, impulse-matching learning has the second highest score for the individual data. In addition, only self-tuning EWA and impulse-matching learning lead to better round-by-round predictions than the aggregate frequencies, which means they adjust their predictions correctly over time

Crescimento radicular e produção de ácidos orgânicos em cultivares de soja com diferentes tolerâncias ao alumínio Root growth and production of organic acids by soybean cultivars with different tolerance to aluminum

A elucidação dos mecanismos que definem o comportamento diferencial entre genótipos de soja quanto à toxidez de Al facilita a utilização da variabilidade genética existente ou produzida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do Al no crescimento radicular, na modificação do pH da solução e no conteúdo de ácidos orgânicos em extratos de raízes de cultivares de soja tolerantes ao Al, FT-1 e FT-6 (Veneza) e sensíveis, IAC-13 e Paraná. As plantas cresceram por nove dias em solução contendo 50 mg L-1 de Ca e 0,0 e 0,2 mg L-1 de Al, com pH inicial de 4,76. Houve maior crescimento de raízes nas cultivares tolerantes e não houve alterações do pH da solução relacionadas à tolerância das cultivares ao alumínio. A presença do Al reduziu o conteúdo dos ácidos cítrico, lático, succínico, oxálico e málico, em ambos os grupos de cultivares avaliados, porém com maior redução no grupo das cultivares sensíveis. O ácido cítrico foi encontrado em maior quantidade nas cultivares tolerantes. A capacidade das cultivares de soja FT-1 e FT-6 (Veneza) de alterar o conteúdo de ácidos orgânicos não-voláteis, principalmente o ácido cítrico, que pode complexar o Al, indica que este mecanismo pode ser muito importante para a tolerância a esse elemento.<br>The understanding of the mechanisms for the differential performance of soybean genotypes in relation to Al toxicity is important to explore the existing or produced genetic variability. The objective of this study was to determine the Al influence on root growth, solution pH modifications and organic acid content in root extracts of Al tolerant, FT-1 and FT-6 (Veneza) and sensitive, IAC-13 and Paraná, soybean cultivars. Plants were grown during nine days in a solution containing 50 mg L-1 of calcium and 0.0 and 0.2 mg L-1 of aluminum. The solution pH at the beginning was 4.76. Root growth in Al solutions of the tolerant soybean cultivars was higher than that of the sensitive ones. There was no solution pH modification related to the tolerance of soybean cultivars to aluminum. The content of citric, lactic, succinic, oxalic and malic acids was reduced in all cultivars in the presence of aluminum. The highest reduction was observed in the Al sensitive cultivars. The largest amount of citric acid was found in the tolerant cultivars. Tolerance of soybean cultivars can be expressed by the content of non-volatile organic acids, particularly of the citric acid. These characteristics, expressed by the FT-1 and FT-6 (Veneza), suggest that it can be a very important mechanism for Al tolerance in soybean