19 research outputs found

    Estructuras de fábrica de ladrillo y bloque cerámico no armada

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    We present a method for the design of brick and ceramic blocks loadbearing walls. This methods is based on the verification of design stresses in critical points of the wall structure. The method considers the interaction and the connection among loadbearing and shear walls designed to carry imposed loads and lateral forces, taking into account the structural behaviour of each wall. Strength reduction factors due to slenderness and eccentricity, bending moments caused by floor loads, wall columns, stiffening walls, accidental eccentricities or the effect of lateral forces are analyzed. The basic mechanical properties of ceramic materials, compressive and shear strength are previous defined.En esta exposición se presenta un procedimiento de cálculo para muros de fábrica de ladrillo y bloque cerámico. Dicho procedimiento está basado en el método de comprobación de las tensiones admisibles en las secciones críticas al igual que la normativa vigente en nuestro país y sigue la estructura del futuro Eurocódigo EC62,3. El método considera la colaboración conjunta de los muros ante acciones horizontales y verticales teniendo en cuenta los distintos modos de comportamiento estructural de cada fábrica. Se contempla la reducción de la capacidad resistente de la fábrica debida a los factores de esbeltez y excentricidad, considerando el efecto de los empotramientos muro-forjado, cambios de sección entre plantas, acciones horizontales, apilastramientos, arriostramientos y tolerancias de ejecución. Con carácter previo se hacen una serie de consideraciones sobre las características mecánicas de los materiales cerámicos, ladrillos y bloques

    Background Geometry in Gauge Gravitation Theory

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    Dirac fermion fields are responsible for spontaneous symmetry breaking in gauge gravitation theory because the spin structure associated with a tetrad field is not preserved under general covariant transformations. Two solutions of this problem can be suggested. (i) There exists the universal spin structure S→XS\to X such that any spin structure Sh→XS^h\to X associated with a tetrad field hh is a subbundle of the bundle S→XS\to X. In this model, gravitational fields correspond to different tetrad (or metric) fields. (ii) A background tetrad field hh and the associated spin structure ShS^h are fixed, while gravitational fields are identified with additional tensor fields q^\la{}_\m describing deviations \wt h^\la_a=q^\la{}_\m h^\m_a of hh. One can think of \wt h as being effective tetrad fields. We show that there exist gauge transformations which keep the background tetrad field hh and act on the effective fields by the general covariant transformation law. We come to Logunov's Relativistic Theory of Gravity generalized to dynamic connections and fermion fields.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, no figure

    Development and implementation of a virtual laboratory for training process improvement in the mechanics of continuous media

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    The project arises from the need to develop improved teaching methodologies in field of the mechanics of continuous media. The objective is to offer the student a learning process to acquire the necessary theoretical knowledge, cognitive skills and the responsibility and autonomy to professional development in this area. Traditionally the teaching of the concepts of these subjects was performed through lectures and laboratory practice. During these lessons the students attitude was usually passive, and therefore their effectiveness was poor. The proposed methodology has already been successfully employed in universities like University Bochum, Germany, University the South Australia and aims to improve the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition through use by the student of a virtual laboratory. This laboratory allows to adapt the curricula and learning techniques to the European Higher Education and improve current learning processes in the University School of Public Works Engineers -EUITOP- of the Technical University of Madrid -UPM-, due there are not laboratories in this specialization. The virtual space is created using a software platform built on OpenSim, manages 3D virtual worlds, and, language LSL -Linden Scripting Language-, which imprints specific powers to objects. The student or user can access this virtual world through their avatar -your character in the virtual world- and can perform practices within the space created for the purpose, at any time, just with computer with internet access and viewfinder. The virtual laboratory has three partitions. The virtual meeting rooms, where the avatar can interact with peers, solve problems and exchange existing documentation in the virtual library. The interactive game room, where the avatar is has to resolve a number of issues in time. And the video room where students can watch instructional videos and receive group lessons. Each audiovisual interactive element is accompanied by explanations framing it within the area of knowledge and enables students to begin to acquire a vocabulary and practice of the profession for which they are being formed. Plane elasticity concepts are introduced from the tension and compression testing of test pieces of steel and concrete. The behavior of reticulated and articulated structures is reinforced by some interactive games and concepts of tension, compression, local and global buckling will by tests to break articulated structures. Pure bending concepts, simple and composite torsion will be studied by observing a flexible specimen. Earthquake resistant design of buildings will be checked by a laboratory test video

    Looking to the past: a cognitive and multimodal analysis of film flashbacks

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    Esta tesis analiza la dimensión cognitiva de los flashbacks cinematográficos (es decir, de las retrospecciones narrativas en el cine) teniendo en cuenta su naturaleza multimodal. El flashback es un mecanismo narrativo muy rico desde el punto de vista de la multimodalidad, puesto que combina diferentes recursos visuales (encuadres variables, movimientos de cámara, montaje, etc.) y también acústicos (música, diálogos, efectos de sonido, etc.) para representar un salto temporal del presente al pasado. No obstante, junto a su riqueza y versatilidad, el flashback es también un recurso fijado y lo suficientemente común en el cine para ser estudiado de manera sistemática. Dadas estas características (variedad formal y estabilidad), la pregunta que esta tesis plantea es cómo funcionan estas secuencias retrospectivas a nivel cognitivo para que el espectador las entienda adecuadamente. Con el fin de obtener una respuesta, se ha analizado un conjunto de flashbacks (alrededor de cuarenta ejemplos tomados de películas diversas) prestando atención tanto a las marcas multimodales que presenta cada escena como a los procesos cognitivos que dichas marcas formales activan en la mente del espectador. Por un lado, los análisis muestran cómo muchas de las técnicas cinematográficas empleadas para introducir los flashbacks (los planos de punto de vista, por ejemplo) no son herramientas puramente arbitrarias, sino que se asientan sobre actividades humanas naturales y cotidianas como el seguimiento de la mirada y la atención conjunta. Por otra parte, la Teoría de Integración Conceptual constituye el fundamento teórico de la tesis a la hora de explicar el funcionamiento cognitivo de los flashbacks. Así, los mecanismos mentales que operan en cada escena retrospectiva se describen en términos de blended joint attention, viewpoint compression, identity connections y time compression. En última instancia se propone un modelo cognitivo de comprensión del flashback, y se defiende asimismo que es posible para el espectador comprender adecuadamente las narraciones cinematográficas (y, más concretamente, sus escenas retrospectivas) porque las técnicas narrativas del cine se construyen sobre la base de muchas de las habilidades perceptivas y cognitivas que los espectadores utilizan diariamente en su interacción con el mundo. En definitiva, se observa cómo el cine, y específicamente los flashbacks, están diseñados deliberadamente para la mente de los espectadores

    The paraquaternionic projective spaces

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    Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai

    The paraquaternionic projective spaces

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    Available from Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica CINDOC. Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai

    On the holonomy bundle of the sphere

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    Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai

    On the holonomy bundle of the sphere

    No full text
    Available from Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica CINDOC. Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai
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