Implantação da coleta seletiva de lixo na cidade de Cosmópolis, São Paulo: qualidade e sustentabilidade.

A pesquisa teve por objetivo conhecer o perfil do cidadão frente a coleta seletiva e a possibilidade da criação de uma cooperativa Cosmópolis. O texto da sequência destina-se a detalhar aspectos da metodologia, do objeto de estudo e dos dados recolhidos, concluindo com uma análise crítica dos resultados percebidos

As tecnologias digitais no fluxo informacional do espaço rural brasileiro.

Resumo: Com as tecnologias digitais surge uma comunicação interativa de caráter múltiplo, complexo e participativo que permite às pessoas se engajam para romper o isolamento e partilhar a construção de ações conjuntas visando o desenvolvimento local. No espaço rural estas tecnologias podem mudar as condições de acesso das pessoas à informação e ao conhecimento gerado por diversos atores públicos e/ou privados e também permitir que construam novas racionalidades sobre o espaço, sobretudo o rural visando assegurar o desenvolvimento sustentável da agropecuária brasileira. Dentre os atores públicos que pode se valer das potencialidades inerentes às tecnologias digitais visando a disseminação das informações, conhecimentos e saberes que produz é a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) cuja missão é viabilizar soluções de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação para a agricultura brasileira. Considerando a importância que estas tecnologias assumem para a empresa e para os agricultores o presente artigo tem os seguintes objetivos: traçar um panorama sobre a forma como estas tecnologias podem servir de instrumento de disseminação de informações e conhecimentos gerados pela Embrapa para o espaço rural; e apresentar uma proposta, focada em uma perspectiva comunicacional interativa, para produzir objetos de transferência de tecnologias (OTT). Por ser uma proposta ancorada nas tecnologias digitais os OTT são importantes porque disseminam as informações e conhecimentos produzidos pela Embrapa favorecendo ainda a apropriação deles junto aos agricultores

Genotyping and antibiotic resistance traits in Campylobacter jejuni and coli from pigs and wild boars in Italy

The present study investigated the genomic constitution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of 238 Campylobacter from pigs and wild boars in Italy between 2012 and 2019. Campylobacter strains were genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome MLST (wgMLST), screened for antimicrobial resistance genes, and tested for phenotypic susceptibility to six different antibiotics. C. coli was detected in 98.31% and 91.66% of pigs and wild boars, while C. jejuni was isolated in the remaining cases. MLST assigned 73 STs and 13 STs in pigs and wild boars, respectively, including 44 novel STs. The predominant ST in pigs was ST-854 (12.36%), followed by ST-9264 (6.18%). ST-1055 and ST-1417 were predominant in wild boars (30% and 13.33%, respectively). The minimum spanning tree using 1,121 global MLST profiles showed specific Italian clusters and a clear separation between pig and wild boar profiles. The wgMLST confirmed the MLST clustering and revealed a high genetic diversity within C. coli population in Italy. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of six antibiotics revealed higher resistance in pigs to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin and tetracycline, compared to wild boar. In contrast, most strains were susceptible to gentamicin. Worrying levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) were observed mostly in pig isolates. Molecular screening of AMR mechanisms revealed the predominance of gyrA T86I substitution among fluoroquinolone- and quinolone-resistant isolates, and the 23S rRNA A2075G mutation among macrolide-resistant isolates. Other resistance determinants were observed: (i) tet(O) gene was present among tetracycline-resistant isolates; (ii) rpsL and aph(3’)-III genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, were identified only in streptomycin or gentamicin-resistant pig isolates; (iii) cmeA, cmeB, cmeC, cmeR genes responsible of pump efflux mechanisms, were observed in almost all the strains; (iv) OXA-61, encoding β-lactamase, was found in the half of the strains. Genotypic and phenotypic AMR profiling was fairly correlated for quinolones/fluoroquinolones. Campylobacter infection is common also in wild boar populations in Italy, suggesting that wild boars could be a reservoir of resistant and multi-resistant Campylobacter species, which may be of public health concern. The present study adds to our knowledge on the epidemiological and ecological traits of this pathogen in domesticated and wild swine

Antimicrobial resistance genotypes and phenotypes of Campylobacter jejuni isolated in Italy from humans, birds from wild and urban habitats, and poultry

Campylobacter jejuni, a common foodborne zoonotic pathogen, causes gastroenteritis worldwide and is increasingly resistant to antibiotics. We aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypes of C. jejuni isolated from humans, poultry and birds from wild and urban Italian habitats to identify correlations between phenotypic and genotypic AMR in the isolates. Altogether, 644 C. jejuni isolates from humans (51), poultry (526) and wild- and urban-habitat birds (67) were analysed. The resistance phenotypes of the isolates were determined using the microdilution method with EUCAST breakpoints, and AMR-associated genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from a publicly available database. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that C. jejuni isolates from poultry and humans were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (85.55% and 76.47%, respectively), nalidixic acid (75.48% and 74.51%, respectively) and tetracycline (67.87% and 49.02%, respectively). Fewer isolates from the wild- and urban-habitat birds were resistant to tetracycline (19.40%), fluoroquinolones (13.43%), and quinolone and streptomycin (10.45%). We retrieved seven AMR genes (tet (O), cmeA, cmeB, cmeC, cmeR, blaOXA-61 and blaOXA- 184) and gyrA-associated point mutations. Two major B-lactam genes called blaOXA-61 and blaOXA-184 were prevalent at 62.93% and 82.08% in the poultry and the other bird groups, respectively. Strong correlations between genotypic and phenotypic resistance were found for fluoroquinolones and tetracycline. Compared with the farmed chickens, the incidence of AMR in the C. jejuni isolates from the other bird groups was low, confirming that the food-production birds are much more exposed to antimicrobials. The improper and overuse of antibiotics in the human population and in animal husbandry has resulted in an increase in antibiotic-resistant infections, particularly fluoroquinolone resistant ones. Better understanding of the AMR mechanisms in C. jejuni is necessary to develop new strategies for improving AMR programs and provide the most appropriate therapies to human and veterinary populations

Metodologia para prospecção de demandas na agricultura de base ecológica.

Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de prospecção de demandas para subsidiar organizações e atores sociais envolvidos com o segmento da agricultura de base ecológica interessados na identificação de temas de pesquisa, bem como na proposição de ações de transferência de tecnologia na Embrapa.bitstream/item/206619/1/Documentos-166.pd