125,479 research outputs found
GRB 030226 in a Density-Jump Medium
We present an explanation for the unusual temporal feature of the GRB 030226
afterglow. The R-band afterglow of this burst faded as ~ t^{-1.2} in ~ 0.2 days
after the burst, rebrightened during the period of ~ 0.2 - 0.5 days, and then
declined with ~ t^{-2.0}. To fit such a light curve, we consider an
ultrarelativistic jetted blast wave expanding in a density-jump medium. The
interaction of the blast wave with a large density jump produces relativistic
reverse and forward shocks. In this model, the observed rebrightening is due to
emissions from these newly forming shocks, and the late-time afterglow is
caused by sideways expansion of the jet. Our fitting implies that the
progenitor star of GRB 030226 could have produced a stellar wind with a large
density jump prior to the GRB onset.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Optical Flashes and Very Early Afterglows in Wind Environments
The interaction of a relativistic fireball with its ambient medium is
described through two shocks: a reverse shock that propagates into the
fireball, and a forward shock that propagates into the medium. The observed
optical flash of GRB 990123 has been considered to be the emission from such a
reverse shock. The observational properties of afterglows suggest that the
progenitors of some GRBs may be massive stars and their surrounding media may
be stellar winds. We here study very early afterglows from the reverse and
forward shocks in winds. An optical flash mainly arises from the relativistic
reverse shock while a radio flare is produced by the forward shock. The peak
flux densities of optical flashes are larger than 1 Jy for typical parameters,
if we do not take into account some appropriate dust obscuration along the line
of sight. The radio flare always has a long lasting constant flux, which will
not be covered up by interstellar scintillation. The non-detections of optical
flashes brighter than about 9th magnitude may constrain the GRBs isotropic
energies to be no more than a few ergs and wind intensities to be
relatively weak.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRAS on March 7, 200
Quantum-Fluctuation-Initiated Coherence in Multi-Octave Raman Optical Frequency Combs
We show experimentally and theoretically that the spectral components of a
multi-octave frequency comb spontaneously created by stimulated Raman
scattering in a hydrogen-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber exhibit
strong self coherence and mutual coherence within each 12 ns driving laser
pulse. This coherence arises in spite of the field's initiation being from
quantum zero-point fluctuations, which causes each spectral component to show
large phase and energy fluctuations. This points to the possibility of an
optical frequency comb with nonclassical correlations between all comb lines.Comment: Accepted for publication, Physical Review Letters, 201
Design of Compact BPF and Planar Diplexer for UMTS using Embedded-scheme Resonator
A compact planar diplexer utilizing embedded-scheme resonator (ESR) is designed for universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). The ESR is formed by embedding interdigital resonators into an open loop resonator. Based on the proposed ESR, a narrowband bandpass filter suitable for diplexer design is proposed, fabricated and measured. The measured results demonstrate that the filter exhibits good transmission properties within band and high frequency selectivity. The rectangular area occupied by the filter has overall dimensions only 0.086λg by 0.105λg, promises good potential in wireless communication systems that require compact size and high encapsulation quality. Then, a compact planar diplexer operating at the TX-band of 1920-1980MHz and the RX-band of 2110-2170MHz, which is composed of a meander T-junction and two filters initially separately designed, is synthesized, simulated and measured. Both the simulated and measured results indicate that satisfied impedance matching and good isolation between two paths have been achieved
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