Benefits of Silica Core–Shell Structures on the Temperature Sensing Properties of Er,Yb:GdVO₄ Up-Conversion Nanoparticles

We studied the temperature-dependent luminescence of GdVO₄ nanoparticles co-doped with Er³⁺ (1 mol %) and Yb³⁺ (20 mol %) and determined their thermal sensing properties through the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique. We also analyzed how a silica coating, in a core–shell structure, affects the temperature sensing properties of this material. Spectra were recorded in the range of biological temperatures (298–343 K). The absolute sensitivity for temperature determination calculated for the core–shell nanoparticles is double the one calculated for bare nanoparticles, achieving a thermal resolution of 0.4 K. Moreover, silica-coated nanoparticles show good dispersibility in different solvents, such as water, DMSO, and methanol. Also, they show good luminescence stability without interactions with solvent molecules. Furthermore, we also observed that the silica coating shell prevents progressive heating of the nanoparticles during prolonged excitation periods with the 980 nm laser, preventing effects on their thermometric applications