Slavery in the United States

This thesis examines the issue of slavery in America, including how the institution began, treatment of those enslaved, plantation and city life, moral issues, reactions to slavery, the US Civil War, and political issues concerning slavery

Discourses of student orientation to medical education programs

Background: Although medical students’ initial orientation is an important point of transition in medical education, there is a paucity of literature on the subject and major variations in the ways that different institutions orient incoming medical students to their programs. Methods: We conducted a discourse analysis of medical education orientation in the literature and on data from a survey of peer institutions’ approaches to orientation. Results: These two discourses of orientation had clear similarities, in particular, the critical role of ceremony and symbols, and the focus on developing professionalism and physician identities. There were also differences between them, in particular, in the way that the discourse in the literature focused on the symbolic and professional aspects of orientation; something we have called ‘cultural orientation’. Meanwhile, those who were responsible for orientation in their own institutions tended to focus on the practical and social dimensions. Conclusion: By examining how orientation has been described and discussed, we identify three domains of orientation: cultural, social, and practical. These domains are relatively distinct in terms of the activities associated with them, and in terms of who is involved in organizing and running these activities. We also describe orientation as a liminal activity system on the threshold of medical school where incoming students initially cross into the profession. Interestingly, this state of ambiguity also extends to the scholarship of orientation with only some of its aspects attracting formal enquiry, even though there is a growing interest in transitions in medical education as a whole. We hope, therefore, that this study can help to legitimize enquiry into orientation in all its forms and that it can begin to situate the role of orientation more firmly within the firmament of medical education practice and research

Genome-wide imputation study identifies novel HLA locus for pulmonary fibrosis and potential role for auto-immunity in fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access.Fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (fIIP) are a group of fatal lung diseases with largely unknown etiology and without definitive treatment other than lung transplant to prolong life. There is strong evidence for the importance of both rare and common genetic risk alleles in familial and sporadic disease. We have previously used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data to identify 10 risk loci for fIIP. Here we extend that work to imputed genome-wide genotypes and conduct new RNA sequencing studies of lung tissue to identify and characterize new fIIP risk loci.We performed genome-wide genotype imputation association analyses in 1616 non-Hispanic white (NHW) cases and 4683 NHW controls followed by validation and replication (878 cases, 2017 controls) genotyping and targeted gene expression in lung tissue. Following meta-analysis of the discovery and replication populations, we identified a novel fIIP locus in the HLA region of chromosome 6 (rs7887 P meta  = 3.7 × 10(-09)). Imputation of classic HLA alleles identified two in high linkage disequilibrium that are associated with fIIP (DRB1*15:01 P = 1.3 × 10(-7) and DQB1*06:02 P = 6.1 × 10(-8)). Targeted RNA-sequencing of the HLA locus identified 21 genes differentially expressed between fibrotic and control lung tissue (Q < 0.001), many of which are involved in immune and inflammatory response regulation. In addition, the putative risk alleles, DRB1*15:01 and DQB1*06:02, are associated with expression of the DQB1 gene among fIIP cases (Q < 1 × 10(-16)).We have identified a genome-wide significant association between the HLA region and fIIP. Two HLA alleles are associated with fIIP and affect expression of HLA genes in lung tissue, indicating that the potential genetic risk due to HLA alleles may involve gene regulation in addition to altered protein structure. These studies reveal the importance of the HLA region for risk of fIIP and a basis for the potential etiologic role of auto-immunity in fIIP.National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute R01-HL095393 R01-HL097163 P01-HL092870 RC2-HL101715 U01-HL089897 U01-HL089856 U01-HL108642 P50-HL089493

Impact of Magnetization Transfer on Relaxometry Using Transient Steady-State Free Precession Imaging

Several methods proposed the use of the transient response of balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) for quantification of relaxation times and spin densities. However, it has been shown that magnetization transfer (MT) affects the steady state of bSSFP and is dependent on pulse duration and repetition time. During transition to steady state also MT effects built up, thus it is likely that MT affects the estimation of relaxation parameters using transient SSFP methods. In this work, we will show exemplarily for inversion recovery bSSFP that significant deviations arise from MT

Adaptación transcultural al español rioplatense de la escala

Introducción: el servicio de Kinesiología del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires adoptó la virtualidad para la atención de pacientes durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se decidió realizar una adaptación transcultural del cuestionario de 17 ítems validado al español de España Telemedicine Satisfaction and Usefulness Questionnaire (TSUQ) para conocer la satisfacción de los pacientes.Métodos: dos investigadores nativos realizaron una adaptación del cuestionario TSUQ al español rioplatense. Participaron pacientes atendidos entre mayo de 2021 y marzo de 2022 que habían realizado al menos cuatro sesiones de TR. Fue evaluada la correlación de la puntuación del instrumento resultante con la de un ítem agregado a modo de criterio externo concurrente. La validación del constructo fue llevada a cabo mediante sendos análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios.Resultados: obtuvimos 293 cuestionarios (media de edad 57 años, 64 % sexo femenino). Luego de los resultados del AFE (Análisis factorial Exploratorio) (n=101), consensuamos eliminar 5 ítems. El cuestionario resultante (12 ítems) fue luego validado en una nueva muestra (n=192) a través de un AFC (Análisis factorial Confirmatorio). La fiabilidad compuesta, la varianza media extractada y la validez convergente fueron adecuadas, mientras que la validez discriminante fue escasa. Documentamos una moderada correlación (Spearman de 0,35, p < 0,0001) entre el puntaje total del cuestionario y el de la pregunta agregada como criterio externo concurrente de validación y una excelente correlación entre versiones.Conclusión: la versión abreviada del cuestionario TSUQ en español tiene propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, lo que lo vuelve un instrumento valioso para evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes que realizan Tele-Rehabilitación.Fil: Diez, Paula L.. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Pozzo, Maria M.. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: García, Graciana F.. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Gill, Juan P.. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Blumhagen, Claudio Norberto. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Terrasa, Sergio Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Fernando R.. Hospital Italiano; Argentin