Time-resolved thermal mirror technique with top-hat cw laser excitation.

A theoretical model was developed for time-resolved thermal mirror spectroscopy under top-hat cw laser excitation that induced a nanoscale surface displacement of a low absorption sample. An additional phase shift to the electrical field of a TEM(00) probe beam reflected from the surface displacement was derived, and Fresnel diffraction theory was used to calculate the propagation of the probe beam. With the theory, optical and thermal properties of three glasses were measured, and found to be consistent with literature values. With a top-hat excitation, an experimental apparatus was developed for either a single thermal mirror or a single thermal lens measurement. Furthermore, the apparatus was used for concurrent measurements of thermal mirror and thermal lens. More physical properties could be measured using the concurrent measurements

A composite photothermal technique for the measurement of thermal properties of solids

In this work, a composite photothermal technique combining open photoacoustic cell and photothermal deflection methods for thermal characterization of opaque solids was developed. An excitation laser was employed to concurrently generate both photoacoustic and mirage effects. Thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity of carbon-based samples were measured, and the values of thermal conductivities and specific heat were then deduced. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the literature values. The photothermal technique developed in this work permits a convenient and precise measurement of thermal properties of solids.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Open photoacoustic cell for thermal diffusivity measurements of a fast hardening cement used in dental restoring

Thermal diffusivity and conductivity of dental cements have been studied using open photoacoustic cell (OPC). The samples consisted of fast hardening cement named CER, developed to be a root-end filling material. Thermal characterization was performed in samples with different gel/powder ratio and particle sizes and the results were compared to the ones from commercial cements. Complementary measurements of specific heat and mass density were also performed. The results showed that the thermal diffusivity of CER tends to increase smoothly with gel volume and rapidly against particle size. This behavior was linked to the pores size and their distribution in the samples. The OPC method was shown to be a valuable way in deriving thermal properties of porous material. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3673873]Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Top-hat cw laser induced thermal mirror: a complete model for material characterization

Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Note: Determination of effective gas diffusion coefficients of stainless steel films with differently shaped holes using a Loschmidt diffusion cell

In this work, an in-house made Loschmidt diffusion cell is used to measure the effective O\u2082\u2013N\u2082 diffusion coefficients through four porous samples of different simple pore structures. One-dimensional through-plane mas diffusion theory is applied to process the experimental data. It is found that both bulk diffusion coefficient and the effective gas diffusion coefficients of the samples can then be precisely determined, and the measured bulk one is in good agreement with the literature value. Numerical computation of three-dimensional mass diffusion through the samples is performed to calculate the effective gas diffusion coefficients. The comparison between the measured and calculated coefficient values shows that if the gas diffusion through a sample is dominated by one-dimensional diffusion, which is determined by the pore structure of the sample, these two values are consistent, and the sample can be used as a standard sample to test a gas diffusion measurement system.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Non-destructive thermal wave method applied to study thermal properties of fast setting time endodontic cement

The thermal wave method is applied for thermal properties measurement in fast endodontic cement (CER). This new formula is developed upon using Portland cement in gel and it was successfully tested in mice with good biocompatibility and stimulated mineralization. Recently, thermal expansion and setting time were measured, conferring to this material twice faster hardening than the well known Angelus Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) the feature of fast hardening (similar to 7 min) and with similar thermal expansion (similar to 12 mu strain/degrees C). Therefore, it is important the knowledge of thermal properties like thermal diffusivity, conductivity, effusivity in order to match thermally the tissue environment upon its application in filling cavities of teeth. Photothermal radiometry technique based on Xe illumination was applied in CER disks 600 mu m thick for heating, with prepared in four particle sizes (25, 38, 45, and 53) (mu) under barm, which were added microemulsion gel with variation volumes (140, 150, 160, and 170) mu l. The behavior of the thermal diffusivity CER disks shows linear decay for increase emulsion volume, and in contrast, thermal diffusivity increases with particles sizes. Aiming to compare to MTA, thermal properties of CER were averaged to get the figure of merit for thermal diffusivity as (44.2 +/- 3.6) x 10(-3) cm(2)/s, for thermal conductivity (228 +/- 32) mW/cm K, the thermal effusivity (1.09 +/- 0.06) W s(0.5)/cm(2) K and volume heat capacity (5.2 +/- 0.7) J/cm(3) K, which are in excellent agreement with results of a disk prepared from commercial MTA-Angelus (grain size < 10 mu m using 57 mu l of distilled water). (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP