Un banco fai-da-te per il collaudo di molle

Questo articolo descrive i passi che hanno permesso di \u201cinventare\u201d e realizzare l\u2019attrezzatura per la messa in prova di un componente particolarmente critico del controllo motore, vale a dire la molla del corpo farfallato del collettore che, assicurando il rapido ritorno della valvola a farfalla, regola il flusso corretto e controllato dell\u2019aria nel motore

Vegetation of Patagonia

In this chapter, we describe the major phytogeographic provinces of Patagonia. Emphasis is placed on physiognomic vegetation formations, internal heterogeneity, and degree of anthropic disturbance. Main vegetation formations within provinces include temperate forests, steppes, moorlands, and shrublands. Internal plant heterogeneity is high in all provinces and is associated with climate, soils, altitude, and natural (e.g., volcanism) or anthropogenic disturbances. The most important anthropogenic disturbance varies among provinces in relation to vegetation formations. Domestic grazing is a widespread disturbance agentin steppes and shrublands, while oil and natural gas extraction may also cause disturbances affecting local plant communities in some areas. In contrast, clearing for agriculture and afforestation are common in temperate forests. Invasion of exotic plants and animals are also a threat for the conservation of pristine vegetation. Disturbances, together with the ongoing climate change, can strongly influence vegetation structure and functioning that in turn could affect populations of wild animals, particularly lizards.Fil: Bisigato, Alejandro Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; ArgentinaFil: Bertiller, Monica Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; Argentin

Perspectives on ENCODE

The Encylopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project launched in 2003 with the long-term goal of developing a comprehensive map of functional elements in the human genome. These included genes, biochemical regions associated with gene regulation (for example, transcription factor binding sites, open chromatin, and histone marks) and transcript isoforms. The marks serve as sites for candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) that may serve functional roles in regulating gene expression1. The project has been extended to model organisms, particularly the mouse. In the third phase of ENCODE, nearly a million and more than 300,000 cCRE annotations have been generated for human and mouse, respectively, and these have provided a valuable resource for the scientific community.11Nsciescopu

Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes

AbstractThe human and mouse genomes contain instructions that specify RNAs and proteins and govern the timing, magnitude, and cellular context of their production. To better delineate these elements, phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project has expanded analysis of the cell and tissue repertoires of RNA transcription, chromatin structure and modification, DNA methylation, chromatin looping, and occupancy by transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins. Here we summarize these efforts, which have produced 5,992 new experimental datasets, including systematic determinations across mouse fetal development. All data are available through the ENCODE data portal (https://www.encodeproject.org), including phase II ENCODE1 and Roadmap Epigenomics2 data. We have developed a registry of 926,535 human and 339,815 mouse candidate cis-regulatory elements, covering 7.9 and 3.4% of their respective genomes, by integrating selected datatypes associated with gene regulation, and constructed a web-based server (SCREEN; http://screen.encodeproject.org) to provide flexible, user-defined access to this resource. Collectively, the ENCODE data and registry provide an expansive resource for the scientific community to build a better understanding of the organization and function of the human and mouse genomes.11Nsciescopu