33,992 research outputs found
State space collapse and diffusion approximation for a network operating under a fair bandwidth sharing policy
We consider a connection-level model of Internet congestion control,
introduced by Massouli\'{e} and Roberts [Telecommunication Systems 15 (2000)
185--201], that represents the randomly varying number of flows present in a
network. Here, bandwidth is shared fairly among elastic document transfers
according to a weighted -fair bandwidth sharing policy introduced by Mo
and Walrand [IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 8 (2000) 556--567] []. Assuming Poisson arrivals and exponentially distributed document
sizes, we focus on the heavy traffic regime in which the average load placed on
each resource is approximately equal to its capacity. A fluid model (or
functional law of large numbers approximation) for this stochastic model was
derived and analyzed in a prior work [Ann. Appl. Probab. 14 (2004) 1055--1083]
by two of the authors. Here, we use the long-time behavior of the solutions of
the fluid model established in that paper to derive a property called
multiplicative state space collapse, which, loosely speaking, shows that in
diffusion scale, the flow count process for the stochastic model can be
approximately recovered as a continuous lifting of the workload process.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AAP591 the Annals of
Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Structures of ultrathin copper nanotubes
We have performed atomistic simulations for helical multi-shell (HMS) Cu
nanowires and nanotubes. Our investigation on HMS Cu nanowires and nanotubes
has revealed some physical properties that were not dealt in previous works
that considered metal nanowires. As the diameter of HMS nanowires increased,
their cohesive energy per atom and optimum lattice constant decreased. As the
diameter of HMS nanotubes increases, their cohesive energy per atom decreased
but optimum lattice constant increased. Shell-shell or core-shell interactions
mainly affected on the lattice constant and the diameter of HMS nanowires or
nanotubes. This study showed that HMS nanotubes for materials of fcc metal
crystals can be maintained when forces exerted on atoms of inner shell of the
HMS nanotubes are zero or act on the direction of the outside.Comment: 16 pages, 1 table, 5 figure
Electronic structure of YbB: Is it a Topological Insulator or not?
To resolve the controversial issue of the topological nature of the
electronic structure of YbB, we have made a combined study using density
functional theory (DFT) and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES).
Accurate determination of the low energy band topology in DFT requires the use
of modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential incorporating the spin-orbit
coupling and the on-site Coulomb interaction of Yb electrons as large
as 7 eV. We have double-checked the DFT result with the more precise GW band
calculation. ARPES is done with the non-polar (110) surface termination to
avoid band bending and quantum well confinement that have confused ARPES
spectra taken on the polar (001) surface termination. Thereby we show
definitively that YbB has a topologically trivial B 2-Yb 5
semiconductor band gap, and hence is a non-Kondo non-topological insulator
(TI). In agreement with theory, ARPES shows pure divalency for Yb and a -
band gap of 0.3 eV, which clearly rules out both of the previous scenarios of
- band inversion Kondo TI and - band inversion non-Kondo TI. We
have also examined the pressure-dependent electronic structure of YbB,
and found that the high pressure phase is not a Kondo TI but a
\emph{p}-\emph{d} overlap semimetal.Comment: The main text is 6 pages with 4 figures, and the supplementary
information contains 6 figures. 11 pages, 10 figures in total To be appeared
in Phys. Rev. Lett. (Online publication is around March 16 if no delays.
Observation of simultaneous fast and slow light
We present a microresonator-based system capable of simultaneously producing
time-advanced and time-delayed pulses. The effect is based on the combination
of a sharp spectral feature with two orthogonally-polarized propagating
waveguide modes. We include an experimental proof-of-concept implementation
using a silica microsphere coupled to a tapered optical fiber and use a
time-domain picture to interpret the observed delays. We also discuss potential
applications for future all-optical networks.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Separable states and the geometric phases of an interacting two-spin system
It is known that an interacting bipartite system evolves as an entangled
state in general, even if it is initially in a separable state. Due to the
entanglement of the state, the geometric phase of the system is not equal to
the sum of the geometric phases of its two subsystems. However, there may exist
a set of states in which the nonlocal interaction does not affect the
separability of the states, and the geometric phase of the bipartite system is
then always equal to the sum of the geometric phases of its subsystems. In this
paper, we illustrate this point by investigating a well known physical model.
We give a necessary and sufficient condition in which a separable state remains
separable so that the geometric phase of the system is always equal to the sum
of the geometric phases of its subsystems.Comment: 13 page
Gender Differences in Response to a School-Based Mindfulness Training Intervention for Early Adolescents
Mindfulness training has been used to improve emotional wellbeing in early adolescents. However, little is known about treatment outcome moderators, or individual differences that may differentially impact responses to treatment. The current study focused on gender as a potential moderator for affective outcomes in response to school-based mindfulness training. Sixth grade students (N = 100) were randomly assigned to either the six weeks of mindfulness meditation or the active control group as part of a history class curriculum. Participants in the mindfulness meditation group completed short mindfulness meditation sessions four to five times per week, in addition to didactic instruction (Asian history). The control group received matched experiential activity in addition to didactic instruction (African history) from the same teacher with no meditation component. Self-reported measures of emotional wellbeing/affect, mindfulness, and self-compassion were obtained at pre and post intervention. Meditators reported greater improvement in emotional wellbeing compared to those in the control group. Importantly, gender differences were detected, such that female meditators reported greater increases in positive affect compared to females in the control group, whereas male meditators and control males displayed equivalent gains. Uniquely among females but not males, increases in self-reported self-compassion were associated with improvements in affect. These findings support the efficacy of school-based mindfulness interventions, and interventions tailored to accommodate distinct developmental needs of female and male adolescents
From incommensurate correlations to mesoscopic spin resonance in YbRh2Si2
Spin fluctuations are reported near the magnetic field driven quantum
critical point in YbRh2Si2. On cooling, ferromagnetic fluctuations evolve into
incommensurate correlations located at q0=+/- (delta,delta) with delta=0.14 +/-
0.04 r.l.u. At low temperatures, an in plane magnetic field induces a sharp
intra doublet resonant excitation at an energy E0=g muB mu0 H with g=3.8 +/-
0.2. The intensity is localized at the zone center indicating precession of
spin density extending xi=6 +/- 2 A beyond the 4f site.Comment: (main text - 4 pages, 4 figures; supplementary information - 3 pages,
3 figures; to be published in Physical Review Letters
Efficiency of Nonlinear Particle Acceleration at Cosmic Structure Shocks
We have calculated the evolution of cosmic ray (CR) modified astrophysical
shocks for a wide range of shock Mach numbers and shock speeds through
numerical simulations of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) in 1D quasi-
parallel plane shocks. The simulations include thermal leakage injection of
seed CRs, as well as pre-existing, upstream CR populations. Bohm-like diffusion
is assumed. We model shocks similar to those expected around cosmic structure
pancakes as well as other accretion shocks driven by flows with upstream gas
temperatures in the range K and shock Mach numbers spanning
. We show that CR modified shocks evolve to time-asymptotic states
by the time injected particles are accelerated to moderately relativistic
energies (p/mc \gsim 1), and that two shocks with the same Mach number, but
with different shock speeds, evolve qualitatively similarly when the results
are presented in terms of a characteristic diffusion length and diffusion time.
For these models the time asymptotic value for the CR acceleration efficiency
is controlled mainly by shock Mach number. The modeled high Mach number shocks
all evolve towards efficiencies %, regardless of the upstream CR
pressure. On the other hand, the upstream CR pressure increases the overall CR
energy in moderate strength shocks (). (abridged)Comment: 23 pages, 12 ps figures, accepted for Astrophysical Journal (Feb. 10,
2005
Unusual low-temperature thermopower in the one-dimensional Hubbard model
The low-temperature thermoelectric power of the repulsive-interaction
one-dimensional Hubbard model is calculated using an asymptotic Bethe ansatz
for holons and spinons. The competition between the entropy carried by the
holons and that carried by the backflow of the spinons gives rise to an unusual
temperature and doping dependence of the thermopower which is qualitatively
similar to that observed in the normal state of high- superconductors.Comment: 11 pages, REVTEX 3.
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