1,107 research outputs found
Bose-Einstein Condensates with Large Number of Vortices
We show that as the number of vortices in a three dimensional Bose-Einstein
Condensate increases, the system reaches a "quantum Hall" regime where the
density profile is a Gaussian in the xy-plane and an inverted parabolic profile
along z. The angular momentum of the system increases as the vortex lattice
shrinks. However, Coriolis force prevents the unit cell of the vortex lattice
from shrinking beyond a minimum size. Although the recent MIT experiment is not
exactly in the quantum Hall regime, it is close enough for the present results
to be used as a guide. The quantum Hall regime can be easily reached by
moderate changes of the current experimental parameters.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
Exact vortex nucleation and cooperative vortex tunneling in dilute BECs
With the imminent advent of mesoscopic rotating BECs in the lowest Landau
level (LLL) regime, we explore LLL vortex nucleation. An exact many-body
analysis is presented in a weakly elliptical trap for up to 400 particles.
Striking non-mean field features are exposed at filling factors >>1 . Eg near
the critical rotation frequency pairs of energy levels approach each other with
exponential accuracy. A physical interpretation is provided by requantising a
mean field theory, where 1/N plays the role of Planck's constant, revealing two
vortices cooperatively tunneling between classically degenerate energy minima.
The tunnel splitting variation is described in terms of frequency, particle
number and ellipticity.Comment: 4 pages,4 figure
Eta-Helium Quasi-Bound States
The cross section and tensor analysing power t_20 of the d\vec{d}->eta 4He
reaction have been measured at six c.m. momenta, 10 < p(eta) < 90 MeV/c. The
threshold value of t_20 is consistent with 1/\sqrt{2}, which follows from
parity conservation and Bose symmetry. The much slower momentum variation
observed for the reaction amplitude, as compared to that for the analogous
pd->eta 3He case, suggests strongly the existence of a quasi-bound state in the
eta-4He system and optical model fits indicate that this probably also the case
for eta-3He.Comment: LaTeX, uses elsart.sty, 10 pages, 3 Postscript figures, Submitted to
Physics Letters
Condensation of `composite bosons' in a rotating BEC
We provide evidence for several novel phases in the dilute limit of rotating
BECs. By exact calculation of wavefunctions and energies for small numbers of
particles, we show that the states near integer angular momentum per particle
are best considered condensates of composite entities, involving vortices and
atoms. We are led to this result by explicit comparison with a description
purely in terms of vortices. Several parallels with the fractional quantum Hall
effect emerge, including the presence of the Pfaffian state.Comment: 4 pages, Latex, 3 figure
Anomalous hydrodynamics and "normal" fluids in rapidly rotating BECs
In rapidly rotating bose systems we show that there is a region of anomalous
hydrodynamics whilst the system is still condensed, which coincides with the
mean field quantum Hall regime. An immediate consequence is the absence of a
normal fluid in any conventional sense. However, even the superfluid
hydrodynamics is not described by conventional Bernoulli and continuity
equations. We show there are kinematic constraints which connect spatial
variations of density and phase, that the positions of vortices are not the
simplest description of the dynamics of such a fluid (despite their utility in
describing the instantaneous state of the condensate) and that the most compact
description allows solution of some illuminating examples of motion. We
demonstrate, inter alia, a very simple relation between vortices and surface
waves. We show the surface waves can form a "normal fluid" which absorbs energy
and angular momentum from vortex motion in the trap. The time scale of this
process is sensitive to the initial configuration of the vortices, which can
lead to long-lived vortex patches - perhaps related to those observed at JILA.Comment: 4 pages; 1 sentence and references modifie
The Yrast Spectra of Weakly Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensates
The low energy quantal spectrum is considered as a function of the total
angular momentum for a system of weakly interacting bosonic atoms held together
by an external isotropic harmonic potential. It is found that besides the usual
condensation into the lowest state of the oscillator, the system exhibits two
additional kinds of condensate and associated thermodynamic phase transitions.
These new phenomena are derived from the degrees of freedom of "partition
space" which describes the multitude of different ways in which the angular
momentum can be distributed among the atoms while remaining all the time in the
lowest state of the oscillator
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