Aspekte der Mast- und Schlachtleistung sowie Wirtschaftlichkeit von Schweinen bei 100% Biofütterung

In an organic fattening trial 62 pigs of the genotype (PixHa)x(DuxGLR) were divided into 2 groups which were fed during finishing period with a ration containing soy prod-ucts or farm grown grain legumes, respectively. The Methionin deficit of the second group did not affect negatively the fattening performance, whereas lean meat content decreased significantly. In spite of lower feed costs of the second group the profitabil-ity was lower

Adaptive multilevel subset simulation with selective refinement

In this work we propose an adaptive multilevel version of subset simulation to estimate the probability of rare events for complex physical systems. Given a sequence of nested failure domains of increasing size, the rare event probability is expressed as a product of conditional probabilities. The proposed new estimator uses different model resolutions and varying numbers of samples across the hierarchy of nested failure sets. In order to dramatically reduce the computational cost, we construct the intermediate failure sets such that only a small number of expensive high-resolution model evaluations are needed, whilst the majority of samples can be taken from inexpensive low-resolution simulations. A key idea in our new estimator is the use of a posteriori error estimators combined with a selective mesh refinement strategy to guarantee the critical subset property that may be violated when changing model resolution from one failure set to the next. The efficiency gains and the statistical properties of the estimator are investigated both theoretically via shaking transformations, as well as numerically. On a model problem from subsurface flow, the new multilevel estimator achieves gains of more than a factor 60 over standard subset simulation for a practically relevant relative error of 25%

Appearance of room temperature ferromagnetism in Cu-doped TiO2−δ_{2-\delta} films

In recent years there has been an intense search for room temperature ferromagnetism in doped dilute semiconductors, which have many potentially applications in spintronics and optoelectronics. We report here the unexpected observation of significant room temperature ferromagnetism in a semiconductor doped with nonmagnetic impurities, Cu-doped TiO$_2$ thin films grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition. The magnetic moment, calculated from the magnetization curves, resulted surprisingly large, about 1.5 $\mu_B$ per Cu atom. A large magnetic moment was also obtained from ab initio calculations using the supercell method for TiO$_2$ with Cu impurities, but only if an oxygen vacancy in the nearest-neighbour shell of Cu was present. This result suggests that the role of oxygen vacancies is crucial for the appearance of ferromagnetism. The calculations also predict that Cu doping favours the formation of oxygen vacancies.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, published in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Comm.

Theory of STM Spectroscopy of Kondo Ions on Metal Surfaces

The conduction electron density of states nearby a single magnetic impurity, as measured recently by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is calculated. It is shown that the Kondo effect induces a narrow Fano resonance as an intrinsic feature in the conduction electron density of states. The line shape varies with the distance between STM tip and impurity, in qualitative agreement with experiments, and is sensitive to details of the band structure. For a Co impurity the experimentally observed width and shift of the Kondo resonance are in accordance with those obtained from a combination of band structure and strongly correlated calculations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Size Dependent Magnetic Scattering", Pecs, Hungary, May 28 - June 1, 200

BubR1 promotes Bub3-dependent APC/C inhibition during Spindle Assembly Checkpoint signaling.

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents premature sister chromatid separation during mitosis. Phosphorylation of unattached kinetochores by the Mps1 kinase promotes recruitment of SAC machinery that catalyzes assembly of the SAC effector mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). The SAC protein Bub3 is a phospho-amino acid adaptor that forms structurally related stable complexes with functionally distinct paralogs named Bub1 and BubR1. A short motif ("loop") of Bub1, but not the equivalent loop of BubR1, enhances binding of Bub3 to kinetochore phospho-targets. Here, we asked whether the BubR1 loop directs Bub3 to different phospho-targets. The BubR1 loop is essential for SAC function and cannot be removed or replaced with the Bub1 loop. BubR1 loop mutants bind Bub3 and are normally incorporated in MCC in vitro but have reduced ability to inhibit the MCC target anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), suggesting that BubR1:Bub3 recognition and inhibition of APC/C requires phosphorylation. Thus, small sequence differences in Bub1 and BubR1 direct Bub3 to different phosphorylated targets in the SAC signaling cascade

Zum Einfluss der Fütterung von Leindotterpresskuchen auf die Mast- und Schlachtleistung von Broilern aus ökologischer Mast

False flax (Camelina sativa) is a very beneficial oil seed in organic plant production. Its added value could be enhanced by using the oil cake in animal nutrition, which is very interesting for organic feeding due to the demand of farm grown crude protein and energy delivering plants. But European feed law does not allow such an use. An application for an amendment of the ordinance only seems promising, if it is possible to make a scientifically based proposal concerning the unproblematic amount of Camelina oil cake in the diet. Therefore in an organic feeding trial with a total of 192 broilers the effects of different amounts of Camelina oil cake (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 5% heat and pressure treated) in the diet concerning performance, carcass and meat quality were tested. The substitution of Camelina oil cake against soy cake till 5% caused inconsistent results concerning performance. Treated oil cake significantly caused poor performance and enlarged thyroid glands and livers. Carcass, meat, and fat quality remained unaffected. But anyway, a recommendation concerning the rea-sonable amount of Camelina oil cake in a broiler diet based on this single trial seems not feasible. Therefore further research has to be done

Pressure dependence of Raman modes in double wall carbon nanotubes filled with α-Fe.

The preparation of highly anisotropic one-dimensional (1D) structures confined into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in general is a key objective in CNTs research. In this work, the capillary effect was used to fill double wall carbon nanotubes with iron. The samples are characterized by Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning area electron diffraction, and magnetization. In order to investigate their structural stability and compare it with that of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), elucidating the differences induced by the inner-outer tube interaction, unpolarized Raman spectra of tangential modes of double wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) filled with 1D nanocrystallin α-Fe excited with 514 nm were studied at room temperature and elevated pressure. Up to 16 GPa we find a pressure coefficient for the internal tube of 4.3 cm−1 GPa−1 and for the external tube of 5.5 cm−1 GPa−1. In addition, the tangential band of the external and internal tubes broadens and decreases in amplitude. All findings lead to the conclusion that the outer tube acts as a protection shield for the inner tubes (at least up 16 GPa). Structural phase transitions were not observed in this range of pressure

Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Duroc-Genanteile auf das ökologisch erzeugte Mastschwein

It is the aim of the present study with 93 organic fattening pigs of varying Duroc gene portion (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, and 75 %) to deduce the optimal Duroc gene percentage. Increasing Duroc gene portions resulted in an impaired feed conversion ratio, decreasing lean meat content, and increasing intramuscular fat content. It is concluded that in a carcass quality based marketing system Duroc gene percentage should not exceed 50 %, whereas already 25 % Duroc gene portion significantly promotes meat quality. Only for marketing systems very strictly based on meat quality Duroc gene portion should have 75 % due to a significant promotion of intramuscular fat content

Theory of the Fano Resonance in the STM Tunneling Density of States due to a Single Kondo Impurity

The conduction electron density of states nearby single magnetic impurities, as measured recently by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is calculated, taking into account tunneling into conduction electron states only. The Kondo effect induces a narrow Fano resonance in the conduction electron density of states, while scattering off the d-level generates a weakly energy dependent Friedel oscillation. The line shape varies with the distance between STM tip and impurity, in qualitative agreement with experiments, but is very sensitive to details of the band structure. For a Co impurity the experimentally observed width and shift of the Kondo resonance are in accordance with those obtained from a combination of band structure and strongly correlated calculations.Comment: 4 pages, ReVTeX + 4 figures (Encapsulated Postscript), submitted to PR

Diacylglycerol regulates acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction via TRPC6

Background: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is an essential mechanism of the lung that matches blood perfusion to alveolar ventilation to optimize gas exchange. Recently we have demonstrated that acute but not sustained HPV is critically dependent on the classical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channel. However, the mechanism of TRPC6 activation during acute HPV remains elusive. We hypothesize that a diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent activation of TRPC6 regulates acute HPV. Methods: We investigated the effect of the DAG analog 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) on normoxic vascular tone in isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lungs from TRPC6-deficient and wild-type mice. Moreover, the effects of OAG, the DAG kinase inhibitor R59949 and the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 on the strength of HPV were investigated compared to those on non-hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction elicited by the thromboxane mimeticum U46619. Results: OAG increased normoxic vascular tone in lungs from wild-type mice, but not in lungs from TRPC6-deficient mice. Under conditions of repetitive hypoxic ventilation, OAG as well as R59949 dose-dependently attenuated the strength of acute HPV whereas U46619-induced vasoconstrictions were not reduced. Like OAG, R59949 mimicked HPV, since it induced a dose-dependent vasoconstriction during normoxic ventilation. In contrast, U73122, a blocker of DAG synthesis, inhibited acute HPV whereas U73343, the inactive form of U73122, had no effect on HPV. Conclusion: These findings support the conclusion that the TRPC6-dependency of acute HPV is induced via DAG