Study of the development of the caudal endoskeleton of the turbot <i>Scophthalmus maximus</i> L., 1758 (Pleuronectiformes: Scopthalmidae)

The development of the caudal endoskeleton of the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) is described and compared to the setting-up of the caudal endoskeleton in other flatfishes. In the turbot, caudal bony elements develop very early, before the eye migration. The same pattern occurs in the flatfishes of the bothoid group, while in the Soleidae the supporting caudal fin elements develop once the eye has migrated. This discrepancy is discussed; it points out that more work on the ontogeny of flatfishes is needed

Adpositional Argumentation (AdArg):A new method for representing linguistic and pragmatic information about argumentative discourse

This paper describes and illustrates the use of Adpositional Argumentation (AdArg), a new formal method that enables the analyst of argumentative discourse to represent linguistic and pragmatic information in a highly detailed and yet flexible way. It first explains the theoretical starting points of the method, which is a combination of the linguistic representation framework of Constructive Adpositional Grammars (CxAdGrams) and the argument classification framework of the Periodic Table of Arguments (PTA). It then lays out the basic steps of the method and illustrates them by explaining how to build a so-called 'argumentative adpositional tree' (arg-adtree) of a concrete example of an argument

Argument-Checking:A Critical Pedagogy Approach to Digital Literacy

The digital revolution brought about unprecedented changes in people’s daily lives as well as in techno-scientific contexts. In this paper, we address the problem of information overload people experience in online media, news outlets, and social media. The problem is well-known for its negative influence on the quality of online information, with abundant discussion on the promise of fact-checking and the potential role of censorship and moderation by social media. We instead discuss the issue from the perspective of digital literacy; specifically, we advance the view that our procedure of argument-checking can enhance such literacy, as a form of critical pedagogy, thereby contributing to improving the quality of online information

More than<i> Relata Refero</i>: Representing the Various Roles of Reported Speech in Argumentative Discourse

Reported speech, or relata refero, although not always part of the argumentation tout court, can be an important element of argumentative discourse. It might, for instance, provide information on the position of another party in the discussion or function as part of the premise of an argument from authority. Whereas existing methods of representing argumentative discourse focus on arguments and their interrelations, this paper develops a method that enables the analyst to also include informative elements in the representation, focusing on reported speech. It does so by incorporating the notion of ‘voice’ into the representation framework of Adpositional Argumentation (AdArg). In particular, the paper explains how to formalize the constituents of this notion and illustrates its use in representing (1) an author’s report of the position of another party (including the supporting argumentation); (2) an author’s own position (including the supporting argumentation); and (3) source-based arguments such as the argument from authority, with an indication of the distance of the source from the author

True ternary fission of superheavy nuclei

We found that a true ternary fission with formation of a heavy third fragment (a new type of radioactivity) is quite possible for superheavy nuclei due to the strong shell effects leading to a three-body clusterization with the two doubly magic tin-like cores. The simplest way to discover this phenomenon in the decay of excited superheavy nuclei is a detection of two tin-like clusters with appropriate kinematics in low-energy collisions of medium mass nuclei with actinide targets. The three-body quasi-fission process could be even more pronounced for giant nuclear systems formed in collisions of heavy actinide nuclei. In this case a three-body clusterization might be proved experimentally by detection of two coincident lead-like fragments in low-energy U+U collisions.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figure