A review of the international early recommendations for departments organization and cancer management priorities during the global COVID-19 pandemic: applicability in low- and middle-income countries.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus that has never been identified in humans before. COVID-19 caused at the time of writing of this article, 2.5 million cases of infections in 193 countries with 165,000 deaths, including two-third in Europe. In this context, Oncology Departments of the affected countries had to adapt quickly their health system care and establish new organizations and priorities. Thus, numerous recommendations and therapeutic options have been reported to optimize therapy delivery to patients with chronic disease and cancer. Obviously, while these cancer care recommendations are immediately applicable in Europe, they may not be applicable in certain emerging and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this review, we aimed to summarize these international guidelines in accordance with cancer types, making a synthesis for daily practice to protect patients, staff and tailor anti-cancer therapy delivery taking into account patients/tumour criteria and tools availability. Thus, we will discuss their applicability in the LMICs with different organizations, limited means and different constraints

Experience of Muslims in Eastern Europe

The chapter addresses the evolution of Islamic presence and Muslim experiences in two dozen post-socialist countries collectively comprising the region of Eastern Europe. In the first part, it traces the arrival of Islam and settlement of Muslims in this part of Europe through intermittent waves of migration, conversion, and conquest, their historical status, and governance of Islam in such empires as the Russian and Ottoman and later the communist-ruled USSR, SFRY, and other states. It then proceeds to the analysis of the contemporary situation of Muslims in the region through the prism of common phenomena, like forms and levels of religiosity among region’s Muslims, (re)institutionalization of Islam in post-socialist Eastern European states, depopulation of the Muslim segment through emigration, assimilation and other natural causes, radicalization of certain segments of national Muslim populations, (re)emergence of Islamophobia on the part of non-Muslim populations, and securitization of Islam by national governments and other actorsRegionistikos katedraVytauto Didžiojo universiteta