Effect of drying process on antioxidant properties of date palm fruits

Aim. In order to identify antioxidant activities and phenolic compound, two varieties of date palm (Mazfati and Kalute varieties) (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits (DPF) from Iran systematically evaluated. Methods. Antioxidant activity determined using typical methods such as DPPH, reducing power and total antioxidant method. The total phenolic content of the dates was measured using Folin-Ciocalteau method. The included samples were gathered at three stages of khalaal, rutab, tamr and dried date from Sam and Jiroft date. The total phenolic content ranged from 1074, 856.4 and 723.8 in Mozafati variety and 921.5, 723.5 and 785.3 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE/100-g-dw sample) in Kalute variety for khalal, rutab and tamr stage, respectively. Results. In both varieties antioxidant activities and total phenolic content decreased by ripening stages. Result of drying process showed that total phenolic content and antioxidant activities varied from temperature and decreased by increase of drying temperature. Conclusion. This research demonstrates Iranian dates could be potential rich resources of natural antioxidants, and could be developed into functional foods or drug for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress

O-C Study of 545 Lunar Occultations from 13 Double Stars

International audienceIn this article, we have studied the reports of lunar occultations by this project observation's teams (named APTO) in comparison with other observations of the objects. Thirteen binary stars were selected for this study. All the previous observations of these stars were also collected. Finally, an analysis of O-C of all reports were performed

F‌R‌E‌E V‌I‌B‌R‌A‌T‌I‌O‌N A‌N‌A‌L‌Y‌S‌I‌S O‌F F‌U‌N‌C‌T‌I‌O‌N‌A‌L‌L‌Y G‌R‌A‌D‌E‌D A‌N‌N‌U‌L‌A‌R S‌E‌C‌T‌O‌R P‌L‌A‌T‌E‌S B‌Y T‌H‌E E‌X‌T‌E‌N‌D‌E‌D K‌A‌N‌T‌O‌R‌O‌V‌I‌C‌H M‌E‌T‌H‌O‌D

I‌n t‌h‌i‌s p‌a‌p‌e‌r, f‌r‌e‌e v‌i‌b‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n‌a‌l‌l‌y g‌r‌a‌d‌e‌d (F‌G) a‌n‌n‌u‌l‌a‌r s‌e‌c‌t‌o‌r p‌l‌a‌t‌e‌s i‌s s‌t‌u‌d‌i‌e‌d u‌s‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e e‌x‌t‌e‌n‌d‌e‌d K‌a‌n‌t‌o‌r‌o‌v‌i‌c‌h m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d (E‌K‌M). T‌o t‌h‌i‌s e‌n‌d, b‌a‌s‌e‌d o‌n t‌h‌e f‌i‌r‌s‌t-o‌r‌d‌e‌r s‌h‌e‌a‌r d‌e‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n t‌h‌e‌o‌r‌y (F‌S‌D‌T) a‌n‌d H‌a‌m‌i‌l‌t‌o‌n's p‌r‌i‌n‌c‌i‌p‌l‌e, t‌h‌e e‌q‌u‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s o‌f m‌o‌t‌i‌o‌n w‌h‌i‌c‌h a‌r‌e f‌i‌v‌e c‌o‌u‌p‌l‌e‌d p‌a‌r‌t‌i‌a‌l d‌i‌f‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t‌i‌a‌l e‌q‌u‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s i‌n t‌e‌r‌m‌s o‌f f‌i‌v‌e d‌i‌s‌p‌l‌a‌c‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t f‌i‌e‌l‌d v‌a‌r‌i‌a‌b‌l‌e‌s a‌r‌e d‌e‌r‌i‌v‌e‌d. B‌y a‌p‌p‌l‌y‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e E‌K‌M, t‌h‌e g‌o‌v‌e‌r‌n‌i‌n‌g e‌q‌u‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s a‌r‌e r‌e‌d‌u‌c‌e‌d t‌o t‌w‌o s‌e‌t‌s o‌f o‌r‌d‌i‌n‌a‌r‌y d‌i‌f‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t‌i‌a‌l e‌q‌u‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s i‌n r‌a‌d‌i‌a‌l a‌n‌d c‌i‌r‌c‌u‌m‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t‌i‌a‌l d‌i‌r‌e‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s w‌h‌i‌c‌h a‌r‌e s‌o‌l‌v‌e‌d u‌s‌i‌n‌g g‌e‌n‌e‌r‌a‌l‌i‌z‌e‌d d‌i‌f‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t‌i‌a‌l q‌u‌a‌d‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d (G‌D‌Q‌M) a‌n‌d s‌t‌a‌t‌e-s‌p‌a‌c‌e m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d, r‌e‌s‌p‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e‌l‌y. N‌a‌t‌u‌r‌a‌l f‌r‌e‌q‌u‌e‌n‌c‌i‌e‌s a‌r‌e o‌b‌t‌a‌i‌n‌e‌d t‌h‌r‌o‌u‌g‌h a‌n i‌t‌e‌r‌a‌t‌i‌v‌e p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌s‌s f‌o‌r F‌G s‌e‌c‌t‌o‌r p‌l‌a‌t‌e‌s w‌i‌t‌h d‌i‌f‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t t‌y‌p‌e‌s o‌f c‌l‌a‌m‌p‌e‌d a‌n‌d s‌i‌m‌p‌l‌y s‌u‌p‌p‌o‌r‌t‌e‌d b‌o‌u‌n‌d‌a‌r‌y c‌o‌n‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s a‌t t‌h‌e r‌a‌d‌i‌a‌l a‌n‌d c‌i‌r‌c‌u‌m‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t‌i‌a‌l e‌d‌g‌e‌s. T‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s a‌r‌e v‌a‌l‌i‌d‌a‌t‌e‌d b‌y c‌o‌m‌p‌a‌r‌i‌s‌o‌n w‌i‌t‌h t‌h‌e e‌x‌i‌s‌t‌i‌n‌g o‌n‌e‌s i‌n t‌h‌e l‌i‌t‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e. F‌i‌n‌a‌l‌l‌y, t‌h‌e e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t o‌f v‌a‌r‌i‌o‌u‌s p‌a‌r‌a‌m‌e‌t‌e‌r‌s s‌u‌c‌h a‌s b‌o‌u‌n‌d‌a‌r‌y c‌o‌n‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s, m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌a‌n‌t‌s, a‌n‌d g‌e‌o‌m‌e‌t‌r‌i‌c p‌a‌r‌a‌m‌e‌t‌e‌r‌s o‌f t‌h‌e p‌l‌a‌t‌e o‌n t‌h‌e n‌a‌t‌u‌r‌a‌l f‌r‌e‌q‌u‌e‌n‌c‌i‌e‌s o‌f F‌G a‌n‌n‌u‌l‌a‌r s‌e‌c‌t‌o‌r p‌l‌a‌t‌e‌s i‌s i‌n‌v‌e‌s‌t‌i‌g‌a‌t‌e‌d. T‌h‌i‌s i‌s t‌h‌e f‌i‌r‌s‌t t‌i‌m‌e t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌e E‌K‌M i‌s u‌s‌e‌d f‌o‌r v‌i‌b‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n a‌n‌a‌l‌y‌s‌i‌s o‌f p‌l‌a‌t‌e‌s i‌n p‌o‌l‌a‌r c‌o‌o‌r‌d‌i‌n‌a‌t‌e. I‌t i‌s s‌h‌o‌w‌n t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌e m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d h‌a‌s h‌i‌g‌h a‌c‌c‌u‌r‌a‌c‌y a‌n‌d c‌o‌n‌v‌e‌r‌g‌e‌n‌c‌e f‌o‌r v‌i‌b‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n a‌n‌a‌l‌y‌s‌i‌s o‌f p‌l‌a‌t‌e‌s i‌n p‌o‌l‌a‌r c‌o‌o‌r‌d‌i‌n‌a‌t‌e, s‌i‌m‌i‌l‌a‌r t‌o i‌t‌s p‌e‌r‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌n‌c‌e i‌n C‌a‌r‌t‌e‌s‌i‌a‌n c‌o‌o‌r‌d‌i‌n‌a‌t‌e. I‌n a‌d‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n, i‌t i‌s c‌o‌n‌c‌l‌u‌d‌e‌d t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌e i‌n‌i‌t‌i‌a‌l g‌u‌e‌s‌s, a‌s t‌h‌e f‌i‌r‌s‌t a‌p‌p‌r‌o‌x‌i‌m‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n f‌o‌r t‌h‌e s‌o‌l‌u‌t‌i‌o‌n, h‌a‌s n‌o e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t o‌n t‌h‌e f‌i‌n‌a‌l r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s. F‌u‌r‌t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌o‌r‌e, i‌t i‌s o‌b‌s‌e‌r‌v‌e‌d t‌h‌a‌t i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e s‌e‌c‌t‌o‌r a‌n‌g‌l‌e r‌e‌d‌u‌c‌e‌s t‌h‌e n‌a‌t‌u‌r‌a‌l f‌r‌e‌q‌u‌e‌n‌c‌i‌e‌s w‌h‌i‌l‌e i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e p‌l‌a‌t‌e t‌h‌i‌c‌k‌n‌e‌s‌s i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e‌s t‌h‌e‌m (r‌e‌d‌u‌c‌e‌s t‌h‌e n‌o‌n-d‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s‌i‌o‌n‌a‌l n‌a‌t‌u‌r‌a‌l f‌r‌e‌q‌u‌e‌n‌c‌i‌e‌s i‌n‌t‌r‌o‌d‌u‌c‌e‌d i‌n t‌h‌i‌s p‌a‌p‌e‌r) d‌u‌e t‌o t‌h‌e i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌i‌n‌g p‌l‌a‌t‌e r‌i‌g‌i‌d‌i‌t‌y. T‌h‌i‌s e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t i‌s m‌o‌r‌e p‌r‌o‌n‌o‌u‌n‌c‌e‌d i‌n h‌i‌g‌h‌e‌r m‌o‌d‌e‌s r‌a‌t‌h‌e‌r t‌h‌a‌n t‌h‌e l‌o‌w‌e‌r o‌n‌e‌s. F‌i‌n‌a‌l‌l‌y, t‌h‌e n‌a‌t‌u‌r‌a‌l f‌r‌e‌q‌u‌e‌n‌c‌i‌e‌s p‌r‌e‌s‌e‌n‌t‌e‌d v‌i‌a a s‌e‌m‌i-a‌n‌a‌l‌y‌t‌i‌c‌a‌l m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d f‌o‌r F‌G a‌n‌n‌u‌l‌a‌r s‌e‌c‌t‌o‌r p‌l‌a‌t‌e‌s w‌i‌t‌h v‌a‌r‌i‌o‌u‌s b‌o‌u‌n‌d‌a‌r‌y c‌o‌n‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s, m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌a‌n‌t‌s, a‌n‌d g‌e‌o‌m‌e‌t‌r‌i‌c p‌a‌r‌a‌m‌e‌t‌e‌r‌s c‌a‌n b‌e u‌s‌e‌d a‌s a b‌e‌n‌c‌h‌m‌a‌r‌k f‌o‌r f‌u‌t‌u‌r‌e s‌t‌u‌d‌i‌e‌s

Perisesarma tuerkayi, a new species of mangrove crab from Vietnam (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with an assessment of its phylogenetic relationships

A new species of Perisesarma, P. tuerkayi, is described from mangroves of Tan Thoi Island, southern Vietnam. Morphologically, the new species differs most significantly from congeners by the tuberculation pattern of the chelar dactylus, its unique G1 morphology, an unusually large maximum body size, and relatively short and broad ambulatory legs. Genetically, P. tuerkayi n. sp. is markedly divergent from other congeneric species, both in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. It is the fifth species of Perisesarma reported from Vietnam

Systematics and phylogeography of the Australasian mangrove crabs Parasesarma semperi and P. longicristatum (Decapoda : Brachyura : Sesarmidae) based on morphological and molecular data

Parasesarma semperi (Burger, 1893) was first described from Bohol in the Philippines and is considered to be widely distributed in Southeast Asia. Parasesarma longicristatum (Campbell, 1967) was originally described as a subspecies of P. semperi from Queensland, Australia, and later recognised as a full species. In this study, we re-examine specimens of the two species from across their entire geographic range using genetic markers, a morphometric analysis, and traditional morphological characters. Previous taxonomic species diagnoses were found to be unreliable, but morphometric principle component analyses consistently separate the two species, with the length to width ratio of the propodus of the fourth pereiopod being of particular importance. Genetic data corresponding to the mitochondrial genes COI, ND1 and 16S confirmed a close sister relationship between the two species, forming reciprocally monophyletic groups. Both species have high haplotype diversities and high intraspecific gene flow

The synonymy of Parasesarma foresti (Rahayu & Davie, 2002) with P. indiarum (Tweedie, 1940) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

Two Southeast Asian species of Parasesarma De Man, 1895, P. indiarum (Tweedie, 1940) and P. foresti (Rahayu & Davie, 2002), have been reported to be morphologically and genetically very similar. Present comparisons of a range of material show the two species to be identical in male chelar dactylar tuberculation, pleon, and first gonopod characters, all typically used to separate close sibling species in this genus. CO1 genetic distances between the two putative species are also too low to be regarded as interspecific. Parasesarma foresti is thus here regarded as a junior subjective synonym of P. indiarum

A new species of the genus Parasesarma De Man 1895 from East African mangroves and evidence for mitochondrial introgression in sesarmid crabs.

The Sesarmidae (Decapoda; Brachyura: Thoracotremata) is the most speciose family of crabs occurring in the mangroves of East Africa, accounting for 12 species belonging to seven genera. Among these, the genus Parasesarma accounts for a total of four species. Here we describe a new species, Parasesarma gazi sp. nov., based on specimens collected in mangrove forests of Kenya and Tanzania. The phylogenetic position of this new species within the family Sesarmidae was reconstructed, based on three mitochondrial and one nuclear marker. While nuclear data genetically resolve the systematic relationships, mitochondrial data reveal a surprising similarity of Parasesarma gazi sp. nov. and its sister species P. leptosoma. This result may reflect a short history of reproductive isolation or recent mitochondrial introgression between these two species. This is the first time that such an evolutionary event is reported for the family Sesarmidae and for mangrove crabs, in general. © 2017 Elsevier Gmb