Real-Time Distribution Grid Control and Flexibility Provision under Uncertainties: Laboratory Demonstration

In this paper, we assess the effectiveness of forecasting and optimization algorithms on a laboratory demonstration platform that mimics a domestic distribution grid with a high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Despite the uncertainties, the considered algorithms ensure efficient and secure real-time (RT) operation of the distribution grid, as well as the provision of flexibility services from the low-voltage (LV) distribution grid to the upstream medium-voltage (MV) grid. Uncertainties arise from the variations in PV systems power production and end-users' power consumption, as well as RT deployment of flexibility services. As a result of the considered algorithms, the distribution grid becomes active in the provision of flexibility services. The forecasting and optimization algorithms are based on Bayesian bootstrap quantile regression (BBQR) and distributionally robust chance-constrained (DRCC) programming, respectively. This paper also evaluates the framework of the laboratory demonstration platform for the deployment of the considered algorithms

DFT and Experimental Study of the Host–Guest Interactions Effect on the Structure, Properties, and Electro-Catalytic Activities of N₂O₂–Ni(II) Schiff-Base Complexes Incorporated into Zeolite

Ni^II-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-bis­(2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone)-2,2-dimethylpropandiimine (Ni^II{salnptn­(4-OH)₂}) complex has been encapsulated within the supercage of zeolite-NaY by reacting Ni²⁺-exchanged NaY with the flexible Schiff-base ligand that diffuses into the cavities. The encapsulated complex is characterized by EDX, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and cyclic voltammetry studies. Density functional calculation is being carried out on both the free nickel Schiff-base complex and that encapsulated in NaY zeolite to investigate changes in structural parameters, energies of the HOMO and LUMO, and absolute hardness and softness. Electrochemical properties of the NaY zeolite-encapsulated Ni^II{salnptn­(4-OH)₂}-modified carbon paste electrode and the Pt electrode modified with the film derived from the electro-polymerization of this complex are studied. These modified electrodes show electro-catalytic activity toward the oxidation of methanol and other short-chain aliphatic alcohols. The results show two different oxidation mechanisms on the surface of these modified electrodes. The effect of some parameters such as potential scan rate, concentration of alcohols, and the corresponding rate laws have been derived. Furthermore, the rate constants for the catalytic reaction (<i>k</i>′) of alcohols are obtained