Field-enhancement calculations for a field-distortion triggered spark gap

We present the results of numerical field calculation which supplement a recent article in which we described a new design concept for field-distortion triggered spark gaps. The calculations verify the shielding and field enhancement assumptions made in the article, and they provide insight into the interaction of the design tradeoffs associated with simultaneously maximizing the holdoff voltage and the triggering capability of the gap

On some Lr-biharmonic Euclidean hypersurfaces

In decade eighty, Bang-Yen Chen introduced the concept of biharmonic hypersurface in the Euclidean space. An isometrically immersed hypersurface $x : M^{n} \rightarrow \mathbb{E}^{n+1}$ is said to be biharmonic if $\Delta^{2}x = 0$, where $\Delta$ is the Laplace operator. We study the $L_{r}$-biharmonic hypersurfaces as a generalization of biharmonic ones, where Lr is the linearized operator of the $(r + 1)$th mean curvature of the hypersurface and in special case we have $L_{0} = \Delta$. We prove that $L_{r}$-biharmonic hypersurface of $L_{r}$-finite type and also $L_{r}$-biharmonic hypersurface with at most two distinct principal curvatures in Euclidean spaces are r-minimal

SPACELIKE HYPERSURFACES IN RIEMANNIAN OR LORENTZIAN SPACE FORMS SATISFYING L k x = Ax + b

We study connected orientable spacelike hypersurfaces (c), isometrically immersed into the Riemannian or Lorentzian space forms of curvature c = −1, 0, 1, and index q = 0, 1, satisfying the condition L k x = Ax + b, where L k is the linearized operator of the (k + 1)th mean curvature H k+1 of the hypersurface for a fixed integer 0 ≤ k < n, A is a constant matrix and b is a constant vector. We show that the only hypersurfaces satisfying that condition are hypersurfaces with zero H k+1 and constant H k (when c = 0), open pieces of totally umbilic hypersurfaces and open pieces of the standard Riemannian product of two totally umbilic hypersurfaces

A new design concept for field distortion trigger spark gaps

A common field distortion triggered spark gap utilizing geometric field enhancement at sharp edges usually operates in a cascade mode via the trigger electrode. A new trigger concept is proposed allowing strong field enhancement and direct breakdown between the two main electrodes. A test setup was designed to prove the feasibility of this concept. Experimental results on delay and jitter depending on percent breakdown voltage are presented. Best results achieved are a delay of 9 ns and a jitter of 2 ns at a self-breakdown voltage of 15 kV

The Model of Creation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Technology in Sports Services Section

Over the past decades, sport venues have increased their investments in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) realm. The investment ranges from strategy development to software implementation and other applications which will help attract new customers, maintaining and growing existing programs. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to design the CRM technology model in the sports services sector of East Azerbaijan province based on individual narratives and personal experiences of 10 managers and 384 sports customers in the province during in-depth interviews by using foundation data theorizing method. Their views on the relationship between CRM technology and sport venues were recorded and analyzed. Findings indicate that recognition of customer and market, attracting customer, maintaining and developing customer are among the consequences of implementing CRM technology in sports venues. Also, respondents agreed that the most important elements of customer relationship are committed (7.20), satisfaction (6.30) and performance (4.70). Therefore, having a CRM system can help for better decision making in terms of service delivery, increasing intra-organizational communication, reducing costs, attracting and maintaining customers