10,094 research outputs found
Public sector wage gaps in Spanish regions.
This paper provides an approximation to the measurement of public sector wage gaps in Spanish regions. By using data from the European Community Household Panel, it is shown that the balance between what private firms pay in the local market and what the public sector pays, differs substantially in different areas of the country. Public sector wage differences among Spanish regions are mostly due to differences in returns, not to differences in characteristics or to selection effects, and are not constant across gender, educational levels, or occupations. Moreover, in those regions where Regional Governments have a higher weight in public employment, public wage gaps are higher and public employers pay higher returns. There also seems to be a cross-regional positive correlation between public wage gaps and unemployment, and a negative one between labour productivity and public wage gaps. Hence, a tentative conclusion is that the incentives to select into the public sector are higher in the low productivity regions, precisely those where scarcity of human capital in the private sector may be the most important factor for explaining economic backwardness.public sector, wage differentials, switching regressions, Spanish regions.
Isolated vacua in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories
An explicit proof of the existence of nontrivial vacua in the pure
supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories with higher orthogonal SO(N), N>=7 or the
G_2 gauge group defined on a 3-torus with periodic boundary conditions is
given. Extra vacuum states are separated by an energy barrier from the
perturbative vacuum A_i=0 and its gauge copies.Comment: 8 pages, no figures, late
Hypoxic Cell Waves around Necrotic Cores in Glioblastoma: A Biomathematical Model and its Therapeutic Implications
Glioblastoma is a rapidly evolving high-grade astrocytoma that is
distinguished pathologically from lower grade gliomas by the presence of
necrosis and microvascular hiperplasia. Necrotic areas are typically surrounded
by hypercellular regions known as "pseudopalisades" originated by local tumor
vessel occlusions that induce collective cellular migration events. This leads
to the formation of waves of tumor cells actively migrating away from central
hypoxia. We present a mathematical model that incorporates the interplay among
two tumor cell phenotypes, a necrotic core and the oxygen distribution. Our
simulations reveal the formation of a traveling wave of tumor cells that
reproduces the observed histologic patterns of pseudopalisades. Additional
simulations of the model equations show that preventing the collapse of tumor
microvessels leads to slower glioma invasion, a fact that might be exploited
for therapeutic purposes.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figure
Geografía, Problemas Sociales y Conocimiento Escolar
La Geografía que se enseña habitualmente en la escuela no suele preparar a los alumnos para
comprender y afrontar los graves problemas sociales y ambientales de nuestro mundo. Ello puede
observarse, entre otros, en el tipo de conocimiento escolar presente en los libros de texto. Pero el
mero cambio del conocimiento escolar de dichos libros no sería una solución suficiente; es necesario
un verdadero cambio de la cultura escolar. En ese sentido, trabajar en torno a problemas sociales
relevantes, con una perspectiva de investigación escolar, es una alternativa que puede contribuir a
la transformación de la educación escolar y, al mismo tiempo, al desarrollo profesional de los profesores.Geography usually taught at school frequently does not prepare students to understand and confront
the serious social and environmental problems of our world. It can be observed, among others,
in the type of school knowledge in the text books. But the simple change of knowledge in these books would not be a sufficient solution; a real change of school culture is necessary. In this sense,
to work on relevant problems, with a perspective of school research, is an alternative that can contribute
to the transformation of school education and, at the same time, to the teachers’ professional
development
A model for conservative chaos constructed from multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates with a trap in 2 dimensions
To show a mechanism leading to the breakdown of a particle picture for the
multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates(BECs) with a harmonic trap in high
dimensions, we investigate the corresponding 2- nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger
equation (Gross-Pitaevskii equation) with use of a modified variational
principle. A molecule of two identical Gaussian wavepackets has two degrees of
freedom(DFs), the separation of center-of-masses and the wavepacket width.
Without the inter-component interaction(ICI) these DFs show independent regular
oscillations with the degenerate eigen-frequencies. The inclusion of ICI
strongly mixes these DFs, generating a fat mode that breaks a particle picture,
which however can be recovered by introducing a time-periodic ICI with zero
average. In case of the molecule of three wavepackets for a three-component
BEC, the increase of amplitude of ICI yields a transition from regular to
chaotic oscillations in the wavepacket breathing.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Un Modelo Didáctico Alternativo para Transformar la Educación: el Modelo de Investigación en la Escuela
En el ámbito educativo se suele utilizar el concepto de modelo didáctico para el análisis y para la
intervención en la realidad educativa. Este artículo presenta un modelo didáctico renovador, que pretende
transformar la educación: el "Modelo de Investigación en la Escuela", asumido en el proyecto curricular
"Investigación y Renovación Escolar".
En primer lugar, se encuadra dicho modelo en una concepción integradora de la didáctica, para analizar, a
continuación, los fundamentos del mismo, constituidos por una perspectiva constructivista y evolucionista
del conocimiento, una perspectiva sistémica y compleja de la realidad escolar y una perspectiva crítica de
la transformación de la escuela. Sobre esta base se apoyan las teorías didácticas del modelo: una
concepción sistémica del aula (y de los contextos escolares) y una teoría de la elaboración y construcción
del conocimiento escolar (y del conocimiento profesional). Como síntesis del modelo se destaca la
importancia del "principio de investigación", que se aplica al aprendizaje de los alumnos, a la formación
profesional de los profesores y a la construcción del conocimiento didáctico.The concept of didactic model for the analysis and intervention in the educational reality is often used in
the field of education. This article offers an innovative didactic model that aims at transforming education:
the "School Research Model", assumed by the so-called "Research and School Innovation" curricular
project.
First of all, this model is framed in an integrating conception of didactics, in order to analyse, next, its
foundations, based on a constructivist and evolucionist perspective of knowledge, a systemic and complex
perspective of school reality and a critical perspective of school transformation. On those bases rest the
didactic theories of this model: a systemic conception of the classroom (and of the school contexts) and a
theory of the making and construction of school knowledge (and professional knowledge). As a synthesis
of the model stands out the importance of "research principle", which is applied to pupils' learning,teachers' professional training and the building of didactic knowledg
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