Applying Hessian Curves in Parallel to Improve Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication Hardware

As a public key cryptography, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is well known to be the most secure algorithms that can be used to protect information during the transmission. ECC in its arithmetic computations suffers from modular inversion operation. Modular Inversion is a main arithmetic and very long-time operation that performed by the ECC crypto-processor. The use of projective coordinates to define the Elliptic Curves (EC) instead of affine coordinates replaced the inversion operations by several multiplication operations. Many types of projective coordinates have been proposed for the elliptic curve E: y2 = x3 + ax + b which is defined over a Galois field GF(p) to do EC arithmetic operations where it was found that these several multiplications can be implemented in some parallel fashion to obtain higher performance. In this work, we will study Hessian projective coordinates systems over GF (p) to perform ECC doubling operation by using parallel multipliers to obtain maximum parallelism to achieve maximum gain

[Surgical treatment of Basedow's disease: total thyroidectomy].

The Authors report their experience in the treatment of Graves disease. After a short review of the literature, the Authors stress the medical trait of such disease with possible spontaneous resolution. Therefore the number of cases surgically treated is necessarily low. Thirty patients, all with specific antibodies, were treated with total thyroidectomy. The therapy chosen and the results obtained are herein shown. No definitive hypoparathyroidism and inferior laryngeal nerve injuries were registered

Do estuaries pose a toxic contamination risk for wading birds?

The impact of potentially toxic chemicals on wildlife is commonly assessed by comparing the intake of the contaminant with the “no observable effects level” (NOAEL) of intake. It is known, however, that there are considerable uncertainties inherent in this method. This study presents a Monte-Carlo based model to assess the degree of risk posed to birds (dunlin, Calidris alpina) from important estuarine habitats, and to show the limitations of such risk assessments, particularly with regard to data availability. The model was applied to predict the uptake of metals (Hg, Pb) in this shorebird species in Poole Harbour and the Severn Estuary/Bristol Channel, UK, two internationally important shorebird habitats. The results show that in both areas, Pb and Hg concentrations may pose an ecologically relevant toxic risk to wading birds. For Pb, uncertainty in NOAEL values dominates the overall uncertainty. Use of lethal toxicity data (LD50/100) was investigated as a method for assessing sub-lethal impacts from Hg. It was found that this method led to a significant under-estimate of the potential impact of Hg contamination, compared with direct estimation of NOAEL