Antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in bacteria isolated from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea coast

PubMedID: 22772881In this study it aimed to determine the microbial diversity, level of antibiotic resistance patterns and distribution of heavy metal resistance of bacterial isolates from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea coast. The resistance of 255 Gram-negative bacterial isolates to 16 different antibiotics and to 5 heavy metals was investigated. The most common strains isolated from all samples were Citrobacter koseri (9.0 %), Escherichia coli (8.2 %) and Pantoea agglomerans (8.2 %). Our results revealed a high incidence of resistance to ampicillin (74.0 %), streptomycin (70.0 %) and cefazolin (48.3 %). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranged from 0.2 to 0.75. Isolates showed tolerances to different concentrations of heavy metals. Our results show that the Eastern Mediterranean Sea coast has a significant proportion of antibiotic and heavy metal resistant pathogens, or opportunist Gramnegative bacteria, and these bacteria may result in a potential public health hazard. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

Distribution and antimicrobial multiresistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from Turkish sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1781) farm

In this study, the frequencies of 111 antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria obtained from cultured sea bass were investigated. All the strains were identified and tested whether they were resistive against ten different antibiotics or not. The results showed that most of the bacteria were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, cephalotin, tetracycline and streptomycin. It was found multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranging from 0.3-0.8 for the bacteria isolated from gill. A large number of Pseudomanas putida (25.2%), Moellerella wisconsensis (18%) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (10.81%) were identified. Also, strains of Ralstonia pickettii (9%), Vibrio fluvialis (8.1%), Pantoea sp. (7.2%) and Erwinia sp. (5.4%) were found. This study suggested that Turkish sea bass farms have antibacterial multiresistance bacteria and may play as a reservoirs response for disease pathogen bacteria

The analyze of prospective teachers' self efficacy and attitude towards science teaching according to learning styles [öğretmen adaylarinin fen öğretimi öz-yeterlik inançlari ile tutumlarinin öğrenme stillerine göre analizi]

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing prospective science teachers' the self-efficacy beliefs and attitudes towards science teaching according to learning styles. The research was carried out with a total of 902 science teacher candidates (660 female, 242 male students) from 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades of 3 state universities within Ankara. The data was collected by means of the science teaching self-efficacy belief scale, science teaching attitude scale and learning styles inventory. The results of the research showed that the scale of science teaching self-efficacy of science teacher candidates is at a good level in sub-dimension of personal self-efficacy and result expectation. Moreover, analysis results demonstrated that prospective science teachers develop positive attitude towards science teaching and possess different learning styles. Furthermore, it was deducted that prospective science teachers differentiate in their attitudes towards science teaching in parallel to self-efficacy belief compared to learning styles. According to this results, it was determined that attitude scores of prospective science teachers having accommodating and diverging learning styles were higher than attitude scores of prospective science teachers having converging and assimilating learning styles. Also, it was determined that self-efficacy beliefs scores of prospective science teachers having diverging learning styles were higher than self-efficacy beliefs scores of prospective science teachers having converging learning styles

The effect of active learning approach in science teaching on cognitive level of student achievement [Fen Bilgisi ögretiminde aktif ögrenme yaklaşımının bilişsel düzeyde ögrenci başarısına etkisi]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of active learning approach in science teaching on cognitive level of student achievement and determine the ideas of students about active learning approach. Is there a difference in the sixth grade science course students' cognitive level of achievement between an experimental group, for which active learning approach is applied, and a control group, for which a teacher centered traditional teaching approach is applied? Is there a difference in the sixth grade science course students' cognitive level of achievement between an experimental group, for which active learning approach is applied, and a control group, for which teacher centered traditional teaching approach is applied in terms of gender? What are the opinons of the experimental group about active learning based activities

Isolation, identification and antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Azapli and Golbasi Lakes, Adiyaman, Turkey (Southeast Anatolian region)

The susceptibility patterns to 16 different antibiotics of Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Azapli and Golbasi Lakes, Adiyaman, Turkey were investigated. Totally 248 bacteria were isolated. Most of these isolates were Aeromonas sobria (35.8%) followed by Aeromonas salmonicida (28.6%). A high percentage of Aeromonas spp. isolates from all of the sites showed resistance to cefazolin (ranged between 86.6% and 93.6%) and penicillin (ranged between 93.3% and 96.3%). Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, there was a high incidence of resistance to cefazolin (93.9% and 100.0%) and penicillin (96.9% and 100.0%, respectively). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0.2 to 1 for Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Results indicated that multiple antibiotic resistant Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were widespread and can easily recovered from Golbasi and Azapli Lake. Contamination of water sources with pathogens, resistant to antibiotics, can cause serious diseases to humans, who are dependent on water. © by PSP.This research was supported by the Research Fund of Çukurova University. (Project ID: FEF2013D6)

Distribution and antibacterial drug resistance of Aeromonas spp. from fresh and brackish waters in Southern Turkey

The frequency of antibiotic resistance was compared in Aeromonas spp. isolated from fresh and brackish water in Southern Turkey. A total of 97 Aeromonas spp. strains were isolated from four zones (three from fresh and one from brackish water). Most of the strains isolated from all samples were Aeromonas hydrophila (79.4%), while the amount of Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas caviae, were rather lower in the samples examined (17.5% and 3.1% respectively). A high proportion of isolates from all water sources showed resistance to cephalotin (86.6%) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (69%). On the other hand, a low proportion of bacteria showed resistance to tetracycline (14.4%), chloramphenicol (11.3%), gentamicin (7.2%) and nitrofurantoin (6.8%). Only one strain showing resistance to amikacin was found. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) to at least two antibiotics was highest in brackish water (zone 4), followed by fresh water (zone 3). MARI values ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 for the bacteria isolated from brackish water. This study suggest that, multiple antibiotic resistant Aeromonas spp., especially A. hydrophila, can be easily recovered from fresh and brackish water sources in Turkey and these sources may play as a reservoirs responsible for disease pathogen aeromonads

Antibacterial agents and heavy metal resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from seawater, shrimp and sediment in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey

PubMedID: 18804847The aim of the present study was to determine the level of antibiotic resistance patterns and distribution of heavy metal resistance of bacterial isolates from seawater, sediment and shrimps, and to determine if there is a relationship between antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. We undertook studies in 2007 in the industrially polluted Iskenderun Bay, on the south coast of Turkey. The resistance of 236 Gram-negative bacterial isolates (49 from seawater, 90 from sediment and 97 from shrimp) to 16 different antibiotics, and to 5 heavy metals, was investigated by agar diffusion and agar dilution methods, respectively. A total of 31 species of bacteria were isolated: the most common strains isolated from all samples were Escherichia coli (11.4%), Aeromonas hydrophila (9.7%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (9.3%). There was a high incidence of resistance to ampicillin (93.2%), streptomycin (90.2%) and cefazolin (81.3%), and a low incidence of resistance to imipenem (16.5%), meropenem (13.9%) and cefepime (8.0%). Some 56.8% of all bacteria isolated from seawater, sediment and shrimp were resistant to 7 or more antibiotics. Most isolates showed tolerance to different concentrations of heavy metals, and minimal inhibition concentrations ranged from 12.5 µg/ml to > 3200 µg/ml. The bacteria from seawater, sediment and shrimp showed high resistance to cadmium of 69.4%, 88.9%, and 81.1% respectively, and low resistance to manganese of 2%, 6.7% and 11.3% respectively. The seawater and sediment isolates which were metal resistant also showed a high resistance to three antibiotics: streptomycin, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. In contrast, the shrimp isolates which were metal resistant were resistant to four antibiotics: cefazolin, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and ampicillin. Our results show that Iskenderun Bay has a significant proportion of antibiotic and heavy metal resistant Gram-negative bacteria, and these bacteria constitute a potential risk for public health. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.EF2007BAP3We would like to thank BAPKOM, (Cukurova University) for providing the financial support of this work (Project number: EF2007BAP3)

MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AMONG LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN RETAIL FOODS, IN ADANA, TURKEY

WOS: 000285979700013A total of 178 food samples (fresh soft cheese, raw milk, ice cream, sausage, chicken meat and minced beef meat) were investigated for Listeria monocytogenes. Of these, 29 (16.3%) were contaminated. 102 strains of L. monocytogenes were isolated and the susceptibility to 13 different antibiotics was determined. Most of the isolates (57.8%) were resistant to amdinocillin; in contrast, all isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0.21 to 0.43. Results show that antibiotic resistant L. monocytogenes strains were easily isolated from selected foods and antibiotic resistance may become a potential food poisoning concern for public health.Cukurova UniversityCukurova University [EF2008BAP13]Thanks are extended to Cukurova University, Scientific Research Projects Fund (Project number: EF2008BAP13) for its financial support. The Authors are grateful to Dr. Sarah L. Poynton for her helpful suggestions in editing this manuscript

Antimicrobial activity of garlic against Helicobacter pylori

This study shows that garlic extracts produce levels of inhibition to Helicobacter pylori similar to those of the commercial materials. The research described here represents an important starting point in the fight against Helicobacter diseases. The extracted material can be used by direct application and involves a simple and economical extraction procedure that avoids isolation or purification techniques. © 2014, Chemical Publishing Co. All rights reserved

Sorption of basic dyes from aqueous solution by activated sludge

PubMedID: 15120871The adsorption of dyes in the solutions using activated sludge might be a promising approach in wastewater treatment units. The adsorption of Basic Red 18 and Basic Blue 9 from aqueous solution by dried activated sludge was investigated with in a batch system. The activated sludge had the highest dye uptake capacity, having the monolayer adsorption capacity 285.71 and 256.41 mg g-1 for Basic Red 18 and Basic Blue 9, respectively, at pH value of 7.0 and 20°C. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium and the equilibrium data fixed very well with both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The RL values showed that, activated sludge was favorable for the adsorption of basic dyes. The suitability of the kinetic models for the adsorption of dyes on the activated sludge was also discussed. It was clear that the adsorption kinetics of dyes to dried activated sludge obeyed pseudo second-order adsorption kinetics. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved