Two new species of the genus Radopholus Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda : Pratylenchidae) from Pakistan

Des spécimens appartenant à deux nouvelles espèces de #Radopholus - #R. allius n. sp. et #R. brassicae n. sp. - ont été respectivement collectés dans la rhizosphère d'#Allium cepa L. et de #Brassica oleracea var. #capitata L., à Muzaffarabad, Azadkashmir et Saifulmuluk (Pakistan). Ces deux nouvelles espèces se distinguent des autres espèces du genre #Radopholus par la combinaison de caractères suivante : vulve située plus postérieurement (V supérieur à 75), queue plus courte (inférieure à 30 mm), plus grandes valeurs de c et c'. #R. allius n. sp. et #R. brassicae$ n. sp. diffèrent l'un de l'autre par l'habitus, le nombre d'anneaux caudaux, la valeur du coefficient a et la forme de la spermathèque. L'une et l'autre espèces sont apparemment parthénogénétiques. Ces deux nouvelles espèces sont décrites et illustrées. (Résumé d'auteur

Physico-Chemical Characterization Of Sweet Chestnut (Castanea Sativa L.) Starch Grown In Temperate Climate Of Kashmir, India

Studies were conducted to characterize the chestnut starch for physico-chemical properties. Chemical composition of chestnut starch showed low levels of protein and ash indicating purity of starch. The results revealed low water and oil absorption capacity of chestnut starch. Starch showed high swelling power and low solubility index. Swelling power and solubility index of chestnut starch increased with increase in temperature (50–90 °C). The results revealed high initial, peak, setback, breakdown, and final viscosity but low paste development temperature. Transmittance (%) of the starch gel was low and decreased with increasing storage period. The chestnut starch gel showed increase in % water release (syneresis) with increase in time of storage but was less susceptible to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Starch was also characterized for granule morphology. Starch granules were of round and oval shapes, some granules showed irregular shape

Thermal analysis of airway mucus clearance by ciliary activity in the presence of inertial forces

In this study heat transfer effects on cilia induced mucus flow in human airways is presented. The elliptic wave pattern of cilia tips produces metachronal wave which enables the transportation of highly viscous mucus with nonzero inertial forces. Upper Convective Maxwell model is considered as mucus. The governing partial differential equations are transformed from the fixed frame to the wave frame by using Galilean transformation and viscous dissipation is also incorporated in the energy equation. The non-linear governing equations are evaluated by the perturbation technique by using software “MATHEMATICA” and pressure rise is computed by numerical integration. The impact of interested parameters on temperature profile, velocity, pressure rise and pressure gradient are plotted by the graphs. The comparison of velocities due to symplectic and antiplectic metachronal wave are also achieved graphically