I and I* convergent function sequences

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of I-pointwise convergence, I-uniform convergence,I*-pointwise convergence and I*-uniform convergence of function sequences and then we examine the relation between them

Development of validated stability-indicating chromatographic method for the determination of fexofenadine hydrochloride and its related impurities in pharmaceutical tablets

A simple reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) has been developed and subsequently validated for the determination of fexofenadine hydrochloride (FEX) and its related compounds; keto fexofenadine (Impurity A), meta isomer of fexofenadine (Impurity B), methyl ester of fexofenadine (Impurity C) in addition to the methyl ester of ketofexofenadine (Impurity D). The separation was based on the use of a Hypersil BDS C-18 analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of phosphate buffer containing 0.1 gm% of 1-octane sulphonic acid sodium salt monohydrate and 1% (v/v) of triethylamine, pH 2.7 and methanol (60:40, v/v). The separation was carried out at ambient temperature with a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 215 nm using lisinopril as internal standard, with linear calibration curves at concentration ranges 0.1-50 μg/ml for FEX and its related compounds. The optimized conditions were used to develop a stability-indicating HPLC-DAD method for the quantitative determination of FEX and its related compounds in tablet dosage forms. The drugs were subjected to oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and heat to apply stress conditions. Complete separation was achieved for the parent compounds and all degradation products. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of accuracy, precision, robustness, limits of detection and quantitation and other aspects of analytical validation

The use of infrared thermography for welfare assessment during the application of ear tags to lambs

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metal-tipped, plastic-tipped, and electronic ear tags on the likelihood of infection using infrared thermography and to evaluate the effect on welfare by examining the behavioral responses of the lambs. Ninety lambs with an average age of 6 months were used in this study. Before the application of the ear tags, infrared images of the right and left ears of the lambs were taken with the thermal camera and the infrared temperatures were recorded. Measurements were repeated on days 1, 4, 10, and 30 after the ear tag application. The mean of infrared ear temperatures on days 0, 1, 4, 10, and 30 were found to be 14.60, 23.20, 23.77, 20.36, and 17.61 °C for the metal-tipped ear tag group; 15.69, 21.50, 20.42, 18.00, and 16.39 °C for the plastic-tipped ear tag group; and 15.17, 29.47, 27.49, 25.93, and 20.61 °C for the electronic ear tag group. The infrared temperatures on days 1, 4, and 10 in the control and experimental groups were significantly different from each other (P < 0.001). The plastic-tipped ear tags caused fewer problems and are preferred to the traditional ear tags with metal tips. The electronic ear tags caused more inflammatory reactions compared to metal- or plastic-tipped ear tags. The infrared thermography method may be used as a useful tool in the early detection of the inflammatory reactions and infections caused by the application of ear tags

Determining science and elementary mathematics teachers’ views on interdisciplinary approach [Fen bilgisi ve ilköğretim matematik öğretmenlerinin disiplinlerarasi yaklaşima yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesi]

The purpose of the study was to determine the views of science and elementary mathematics teachers about the interdisciplinary approach. In determining the sample of the research conducted using phenomenology design of the qualitative research designs, criterion sampling method was used, and semi-structured interviews were carried out with sixteen teachers in total, eight of whom were science teachers and eight were elementary mathematics teachers, who had different experience period and worked at schools and in the cities with different characteristics. Content analysis approach was used to analyze the collected data. The triangulation technique ensuring the internal validity and reliability was used through research. As a result of the analyses carried out, it was concluded that the teachers had expressed opinions under the themes of “definitions, information, the elements taken into consideration, associated courses and subjects, collaboration with other course teachers, the advantages and limitations of the approach and suggestions for the approach regarding interdisplinary approach”. Recommendations for the current practices and future studies were developed in this direction. © 2017, Ankara University. All rights reserved

IUE-newsips spectra of

The IUE spectra of σ Gem have been taken from the NASA IUE archive using IDL (Interactive Data Language). The spectra have been observed in 1979–1986 period. All the spectra analysed in the present study have NEWSIPS reductions and consist of 25 LWP, 8 LWR and 5 SWP images in high resolution, and 2 LWP and 14 SWP images in low dispersion. The emission lines, identified as activity indicators and originating in the chromosphere and transition region, are seen in the spectra. The emission line fluxes and equivalent widths are computed based on Gaussian profile fitting procedures to examine the existence of any line flux variation that depends on time or orbital phase. It was found that there is a flux variation with time and orbital phase that is in good agreement with the photometric light curve variation. By comparing the flux variation with simultaneous light curve variation, it can be shown that there is a relation between the ultraviolet flux variation and the spot activity of the system, as shown by Ayres et al. (1984) and Engvold et al. (1988) based on their IUE (with IUESIPS reduction) spectral analysis. Moreover, it was inferred that there is no ultraviolet excess in σ Gem by comparing the spectra of β Gem taken as a comparison star. The Mg II h and k radial velocity curves of σ Gem were in a good agreement with data obtained by Eker (1986) and Duemmler et al. (1997). The sinusoidal Mg II radial velocity curve solutions of the system give $e = 0$, $P_{\rm orb.} = 19.607\pm0.008$ days, $K = 34.86\pm 2.33$ km s-1, $\gamma = 49.42\pm 1.87$ km s-1 and $T_{\rm o} = 2445972.53\pm 0.28$. Since the ultraviolet flux data are not conveniently distributed and are insufficient to determine the activity cycle, the evaluation of the ultraviolet flux activity cycle was not successful

The effect of ewe body condition at lambing on growth of lambs and colostral specific gravity

This study was carried out on 60 Norduz ewes to determine the effect of ewe body condition at lambing on growth of lambs and colostral specific gravity. Body condition score (BCS), ranging from 2.5 to 3.5, had no effect on lamb live weight at birth, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age (<i>P</i>  &gt;  0.05). The average colostral specific gravity determined as 1.049 was not affected by body condition of ewes. A moderate positive correlation (<i>r</i>  =  0.436) was observed between condition score and live weight of ewes (<i>P</i>  &lt;  0.001). The results of this study suggest that BCS is not a reliable estimator of live weight for Norduz ewes

Bioactivation of clozapine by mitochondria of the murine heart: Possible cause of cardiotoxicity

PubMed: 33166605The mechanism of clozapine-associated cardiotoxicity has not been elucidated. The formation of a reactive nitrenium ion from the drug has been suggested as the cause, however, the reason why the heart is a target remains unknown. The heart is one of the most perfused organs; therefore, it contains a large number of mitochondria per cell; these organelles are responsible for both oxygen metabolism and energy production due to high energy expenditure. Given that mitochondria play critical roles in cellular homeostasis and maintenance, this study tested the hypothesis that cardiac mitochondria are both a target and initiator of clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity through activating the drug. We investigated whether murine heart receives a relatively high amount of systemically administered drug (20 mg/kg, i.p., Wistar albino rats) and whether cardiac mice (Swiss albino) and rat (Wistar albino) mitochondria locally activate clozapine (100 ?M) to a reactive metabolite. We observed a relatively large distribution of clozapine to heart tissue as well as the formation of reactive metabolites by cardiac mitochondria in situ. Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) in cardiac tissue responsible for biotransformation of clozapine were also characterized. CYP3A4 has been found to be the major enzyme catalyzes CLZ bioactivation, while CYP1A largely and CYP3A4 partially catalyzes the formation of stable metabolites of CLZ. At 100 ?M concentration, clozapine caused a significant decline in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in vitro as much as positive control (antimycin A), while it did not induce mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. These data provide an explanation as to why the heart is a target for clozapine adverse effects. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.Ege Üniversitesi: 16ECZ024This study was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Grants by number 16ECZ024 . The Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (FABAL) Laboratory of Faculty of Pharmacy was utilized to perform LC tandem MS analyses

Prothrombotic heritable risk factors for cerebral ischemic infarction, acute myocardial infarction and venous thrombosis in young adult Turkish patients

Purpose: Recently there are numerous reports demonstrating environmental and genetic factors in the pathogenesis of thrombotic events. In this case-control study we investigated the relation between genetic and other risk factors and thrombotic events in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE), cerebral ischemic infarction (CI) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: We have investigated the prevalence of the factor V G1691A (FV Leiden) mutation, prothrombin (PT) G20210A, C677T methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene single nucleotide polymorphism in 35 patients with VTE, 21 cases with CI and 63 patients with AMI. Results: FVL carrier rate was found as 37.1% in VTE, 12.7% in AMI and, 14.3% in CI patients. The frequency of PT G20210A mutation was 8.6% in VTE, 6.3% in AMI and 4.8% in CI patients. FVG1691A and PT G20210A mutations were found as significant risk factors for VTE patients compared to controls (P < 0.001). In the control group consisting 81 healthy subjects, protein C deficiency was demonstrated in 1.2% of the subjects. None of the controls had antithrombin or protein S deficiency whereas carrier rate for FVL was 4.9% with an allele frequency of 3.1%. MTHFR C677T mutation was detected in 43 of the healthy controls and one individual was heterozygous for prothrombin gene mutation. Risk assessment of prothrombotic factors revealed only hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for AMI (P<0.05; OR=7.0, 95% CI: 3.4-565). The contribution of other prothrombotic conditions such as MTHFR mutation, PC, PS and AT deficiencies was not significant for the development of venous or arterial thrombotic disease. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that FVG1691A and PT G20210A mutations are significant genetic risk factors contributing to the pathophysiology of venous thrombosis in young Turkish adult population

Generalized Caratheodory Extension Theorem on Fuzzy Measure Space

Lattice-valued fuzzy measures are lattice-valued set functions which assign the bottom element of the lattice to the empty set and the top element of the lattice to the entire universe, satisfying the additive properties and the property of monotonicity. In this paper, we use the lattice-valued fuzzy measures and outer measure definitions and generalize the Caratheodory extension theorem for lattice-valued fuzzy measures