Magnetophoresis of nonmagnetic particles in ferrofluids

Ferrofluids containing nonmagnetic particles are called inverse ferrofluids. On the basis of the Ewald-Kornfeld formulation and the Maxwell-Garnett theory, we theoretically investigate the magnetophoretic force exerting on the nonmagnetic particles in inverse ferrofluids due to the presence of a nonuniform magnetic field, by taking into account the structural transition and long-range interaction. We numerically demonstrate that the force can be adjusted by choosing appropriate lattices, volume fractions, geometric shapes, and conductivities of the nonmagnetic particles, as well as frequencies of external magnetic fields.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure

Demonstrating anyonic fractional statistics with a six-qubit quantum simulator

Anyons are exotic quasiparticles living in two dimensions that do not fit into the usual categories of fermions and bosons, but obey a new form of fractional statistics. Following a recent proposal [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 150404 (2007)], we present an experimental demonstration of the fractional statistics of anyons in the Kitaev spin lattice model using a photonic quantum simulator. We dynamically create the ground state and excited states (which are six-qubit graph states) of the Kitaev model Hamiltonian, and implement the anyonic braiding and fusion operations by single-qubit rotations. A phase shift of $\pi$ related to the anyon braiding is observed, confirming the prediction of the fractional statistics of Abelian 1/2-anyons.Comment: revised version 3, revTex, 4.3 pages, 4 figures, notes and reference adde

Nab-paclitaxel monotherapy in refractory pancreatic adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: The standard of care in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma is undefined beyond second line of treatment. There have been scant reports of benefit from nab-paclitaxel in patients with refractory pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma at Siteman Cancer Center, who had received nab-paclitaxel monotherapy after experiencing disease progression on standard treatments. Nab-paclitaxel was given either two out of every three weeks or three out of every four weeks. RESULTS: Twenty patients were identified and included for data analysis. Median age was 63.5 years old. All patients had previously received gemcitabine, while 40% had also received FOLFIRINOX. Median number of prior lines of systemic treatment was 2. Patients were treated for a median of 15 weeks, with a range of 1 to 41.7 weeks. Median dose of nab-paclitaxel was 100 mg/m(2) with range of 75-125 mg/m(2). Best response imaging was available in 17 patients and 11 out of the 17 patients (64.7%) had stable disease. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months and overall survival (OS) were 5.2 months. Most common treatment related toxicities included grade 1 pneumonitis in five patients (25%), grade 3 or 4 neutropenia in three patients (15%), and dehydration resulting in hospitalization in one patient (5%). CONCLUSIONS: Nab-paclitaxel monotherapy had acceptable level of toxicity in a heavily pretreated patient population with pancreatic cancer and appeared to provide a clinical benefit. This agent is worthy of further prospective studies to evaluate extent of benefit after standard therapies have failed

Testing Spatial Noncommutativity via Magnetic Hyperfine Structure Induced by Fractional Angular Momentum of Rydberg System

An approach to solve the critical problem of testing quantum effects of spatial noncommutativity is proposed. Magnetic hyperfine structures in a Rydberg system induced by fractional angular momentum originated from spatial noncommutativity are discussed. The orders of the corresponding magnetic hyperfine splitting of spectrum $\sim 10^{-7} - 10^{-8} eV$ lie within the limits of accuracy of current experimental measurements. Experimental tests of physics beyond the standard model are the focus of broad interest. We note that the present approach is reasonable achievable with current technology. The proof is based on very general arguments involving only the deformed Heisenberg-Weyl algebra and the fundamental property of angular momentum. Its experimental verification would constitute an advance in understanding of fundamental significance, and would be a key step towards a decisive test of spatial noncommutativity.Comment: 11 pages, no figure

Mechanisms Of Intrinsic Epileptogenesis In Human Gelastic Seizures With Hypothalamic Hamartoma

Human hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a rare developmental malformation often characterized by gelastic seizures, which are refractory to medical therapy. Ictal EEG recordings from the HH have demonstrated that the epileptic source of gelastic seizures lies within the HH lesion itself. Recent advances in surgical techniques targeting HH have led to dramatic improvements in seizure control, which further supports the hypothesis that gelastic seizures originate within the HH. However, the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis in this subcortical lesion are poorly understood. Since 2003, Barrow Neurological Institute has maintained a multidisciplinary clinical program to evaluate and treat patients with HH. This program has provided a unique opportunity to investigate the basic mechanisms of epileptogenesis using surgically resected HH tissue. The first report on the electrophysiological properties of HH neurons was published in 2005. Since then, ongoing research has provided additional insights into the mechanisms by which HH generate seizure activity. In this review, we summarize this progress and propose a cellular model that suggests that GABA-mediated excitation contributes to epileptogenesis in HH lesions

Test of Quantum Effects of Spatial Noncommutativity using Modified Electron Momentum Spectroscopy

The possibility of testing spatial noncommutativity by current experiments on normal quantum scales is investigated. For the case of both position-position and momentum-momentum noncommuting spectra of ions in crossed electric and magnetic fields are studied in the formalism of noncommutative quantum mechanics. In a limit of the kinetic energy approaching its lowest eigenvalue this system possesses non-trivial dynamics. Signals of spatial noncommutativity in the angular momentum are revealed. They are within limits of the measurable accuracy of current experiments. An experimental test of the predictions using a modified electron momentum spectrum is suggested. The related experimental sensitivity and subtle points are discussed. The results are the first step on a realizable way towards a conclusive test of spatial noncommutativity.Comment: 17 pages, no figur

Multiparty simultaneous quantum identity authentication based on entanglement swapping

We present a multiparty simultaneous quantum identity authentication protocol based on entanglement swapping. In our protocol, the multi-user can be authenticated by a trusted third party simultaneously