Utilization of Marine Fungal Nodulisporium SP. Kt29 Metabolites to Improve the Production Performance of Marine Culture of White Shrimp

This study aimed to determine the best dose of administration of marine fungal Nodulisporium sp. KT29 metabolites to improve the production performance of marine culture of white shrimp. The experimental animals used were white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae 12, which were reared in the sea using floating net cages with a stocking density of 700 post larvae/net. Experimental design used was a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments with 3 replications; control without the administration of Nodulisporium sp. KT29 metabolites, dietary of feed containing Nodulisporium sp. KT29 metabolites at doses of 20 mL/kg of feed and 40 mL/kg of feed. The results showed that survival rate, absolute length growth, weight gain, daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio in treatment groups were better than the control (P<0.05). The administration of marine fungal Nodulisporium sp. KT29 metabolites at a dose of 20 mL/kg of feed could improve the production performance of white shrimp cultivated in the sea with survival rate, daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio: 66.61±6.94%, 20.18±0.39 %/day and 3.20±0.22, respectively

Gas Deliverability Model with Different Vertical Wells Properties

We present here a gas deliverability computational model for single reservoir with multi wells. The questions of how long the gas delivery can be sustained and how to estimate the plateau time are discussed here. In order to answer such a question, in this case, a coupling method which consists of material balance method and gas flow equation method is developed by assuming no water influx in the reservoir. Given the rate and the minimum pressure of gas at the processing plant, the gas pressure at the wellhead and at the bottom hole can be obtained. From here, the estimation of the gas deliverability can be done. In this paper we obtain a computational method which gives direct computation for pressure drop from the processing plant to the wells, taking into account different well behavior. Here AOF technique is used for obtaining gas rate in each well. Further Tian & Adewumi correlation is applied for pressure drop model along vertical and horizontal pipes and Runge-Kutta method is chosen to compute the well head and bottom hole pressures in each well which then being used to estimate the plateau times. We obtain here direct computational scheme of gas deliverability from reservoir to processing plant for single reservoir with multi-wells properties. Computational results give different profiles (i.e. gas rate, plateau and production time, etc) for each well. Further by selecting proper flow rate reduction, the flow distribution after plateau time to sustain the delivery is computed for each well

A finite strain, partition of unity based cohesive zone formulation for propagating cracks in porous media

Abstract only

A two-scale approach for propagating cracks in a fluid-saturated porous material

An extension to a finite strain framework of a two-scale numerical model for propagating crack in porous material is proposed to model the fracture in intervertebral discs. In the model, a crack is described as a propagating cohesive zone by exploiting the partition-of-unity property of finite element shape functions. At the micro-scale, the flow in the cohesive crack is modelled as viscous fluid using Stokes' equations which are averaged over the cross section of the cavity. At the macro-scale, identities are derived to couple the local momentum and the mass balance to the governing equations for a saturated porous material. The resulting discrete equations are nonlinear due to the cohesive constitutive equations and the geometrically nonlinear kinematic relations. A Newton-Raphson iterative procedure is used to consistently linearise the derived system while a Crank-Nicholson scheme takes care of the time integration of the system. The derived model is used to analyse a quasi-static crack growth in confined compression under tensile loading.</p

Karakteristik Endapan Bijih Besi Daerah Pakke Desa Langi Kecamatan Bontocani Kabupaten Bone Provinsi Sulawesi

Bijih besi di daerah Pakke ditemukan berupa bongkah-bongkah bijih besi magnetit dan hematit yang berasosiasi dengan intrusi granodiorit dan pegmatit granodiorit (Utoyo, 2008). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi geologi, jenis batuan dan mineral pembawa bijih besi, serta karakteristik endapan bijih besi daerah penelitian. Tahapan pengambilan data berupa Pengamatan Singkapan. Pengambilan sampel litologi, menggunakan metode Rock Sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk menentukan karakatersitik endapan bijih besi yaitu analisis petrografi untuk mengetahui jenis litologi, analisis mineragrafi untuk mengetahui mineral pembawa bijih dan analisis XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) untuk mengetahui mineral alterasi dan mineral bijih. Berdasarkan tipe alterasi dan mineralisasi diketahui bahwa tipe endapan bijih besi pada daerah penelitian yaitu endapan skarn. Dimana endapan skarn ini terbentuk proses metamorfisme kontak yang bertemperatur tinggi. Magma yang kaya akan silika menginstrusi batuan sedimen yang kaya akan karbonat seperti batugamping. Jenis batuan pada daerah penelitian yaitu batuan beku berupa basal yang diindikasikan sebagai source rock dan batuan karbonat berupa wackstone yang diindikasikan sebagai host rock atau batuan penyimpan bijih besi dimana mineral pembawa bijih besi yaitu magnetit, hematit dan goetit

Paragenesis Prospek Endapan Bijih Besi Daerah Tanjung Kecamatan Bontocani Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan

Iron ore is the second most abundant metal on earth. The characteristics of this iron ore usually consist of iron ore carrier minerals associated with other minerals. One area that has iron ore prospects is the Tanjung area, Bontocani District, Bone Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of iron ore carrier minerals and their associations, mineralization characteristics and paragenesis of iron ore carrier minerals. The data collection technique is carried out directly in the field by taking random samples in the field according to field conditions. Laboratory analysis uses mineragraphic analysis to determine iron ore carrier minerals and their associated minerals and X-Ray Diffraction analysis to determine iron ore carrier minerals that are not identified by mineragraphic analysis. From the results of the study found iron ore carrier minerals magnetite, goethite and hematite and their associated minerals in the form of sulfide minerals in the form of pyrite, covelite and braunite. The iron ore textures found are replacement and intergrowth textures. Paragenesis of mineral deposits formed successively are magnetite, hematite, pyrite, cuprite, braunite and goethite