Influence of environmental conditions on populations of Thanatephorus cucumeris Frank Donk and their control by seed treatments on maize and cotton

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Effects of sowing date on severity of blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei and yield components of five chickpea cultivars grown under two climatic conditions in Tunisia

Five chickpea cultivars, Chitoui, Neyer, Kasseb, Beja 1 and Bouchra, were planted on three sowing dates at two Experimental Stations in Tunisia: Bou Salem in the north and the more southerly Mornag, where the climate is drier. Severity of blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei, was measured on a 1–9 scale (defined) on vegetative parts and on pods as percent infected and percent infected that were empty. At both locations, disease was essentially absent on plants sown on the third dates but present on plants sown on the two earlier dates. At Bou Salem, disease severity was highest for the second sowing date whereas at Mornag it was highest for the first sowing date; but for each sowing date, disease severity was lower at Mornag than at Bou Salem. Yield components were measured as number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per 100 pods, 100 seed weight and weight of seeds per plant. Both disease severity and yield differed significantly among sowing dates (differently at each location) and also among cultivars for each sowing date, these differences depending both on sowing date and location. A lower yield was always associated with a higher disease severity, although the quantitative relationship differed between cultivars and locations. Cultivar Beja 1 had the lowest vegetative disease scores at both locations and both sowing dates 1 and 2. Beja 1 also scored well for all yield components. Plants sown on the third (latest) date gave the highest yields for all cultivars at both locations (except for an unusually high yield of Neyer at Mornag on sowing date 2), in some instances being more than double those from the earlier sowing dates. Thus, in contrast to other studies, late sowing did not result in yield loss

Synthesis, characterization and antitumor properties

Diisopropilamine-tethered benzimidazolium salts have been prepared as precursors for Ag(I)-NHC and Au(I)-NHC complexes. These NHC ligands were metallated with Ag2O on moderate conditions to give novel silver-NHC complexes. Gold-NHC complexes have been obtained by transmetalation using the silver-NHC precursor. The structures of all compounds were characterized by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, IR and elemental analysis techniques. The cytotoxic properties of the silver(I) and gold(I) complexes have been assessed in various human cancer lines, including cisplatin-sensitive and resistant cell. IC50 values of these four complexes were determined by the MTS based assay on three human cancer cell lines (SHSY5Y, HTC116 and HEP3B) and human healthy cell line (HF). These silver and gold N-heterocyclic carbene complexes have been highlighted metal-based cancer therapeutic agent with unique structures and functions. These strategies provide exciting opportunities for discovering new type metalodrug. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.C1 [Kizrak, Umran; Ozdemir, Ilknur; Gurbuz, Nevin; Dusunceli, Serpil Demir; Kaloglu, Murat; Ozdemir, Ismail] Inonu Univ, Fac Sci & Arts, Dept Chem, TR-44280 Malatya, Turkey.[Ciftci, Osman] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pharmacol, TR-20070 Denizli, Turkey.[Gurbuz, Nevin; Dusunceli, Serpil Demir; Kaloglu, Murat; Ozdemir, Ismail] Inonu Univ, Catalysis Res & Applicat Ctr, TR-44280 Malatya, Turkey.[Mansour, Lamjed] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Zool, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.[Zaghrouba, Fethi; Hamdi, Naceur] Univ De Carthage ISSTE, 84 Ave Liberte, Borj Cedria 1164, Hammam Chatt, Tunisia