Faciès et conditions de dépôt des calcaires à archéocyathes du Cambrien inférieur de la Montagne Noire méridionale (Massif central, France)

Les calcaires de la formation de Pardailhan (Cambrien inférieur du sud de la Montagne Noire) ne contiennent des faunes d’archéocyathes que dans quelques minces couches de la séquence carbonatée-détritique, dans chaque horizon (HI, H2, H3) exposée dans plusieurs unités tectoniques superposées qui sont affectées par de sévères déformations. L’examen comparatif des assemblages d’archéocyathes associé à une investigation sédimentologique détaillée conduit à la compréhension des modes de dépôt et du style de construction des associations archéocyathes-calcimicrobes. Il permet également d’obtenir une meilleure définition des relations paléogéographiques entre les différentes unités tectoniques. H1 : archéocyathes – calcimicrobes sont concentrés dans de petits récifs “pionniers”, détritiques, avec de petits calices d’archéocyathes cylindriques (en bâtonnets), brisés et déplacés dans les dépôts interrécifaux; localement ils sont associés avec des boundstones en croûtes à Epiphyton et Girvanella. Les archéocyathes sont fréquents dans le Sud Minervois, plus irrégulièrement répartis dans le Nord Minervois, le Pardailhan nord et sud. H2 : les archéocyathes sont en bâtonnets, isolés et fréquemment déplacés comme dans H1, mais on trouve aussi des calices en place, en forme de soucoupes; des grainstones, contenant du quartz diffus à grains fins à la base des bioconstructions en croûtes à Girvanella, témoignant d’une haute énergie, sont plus developpés dans le Sud Minervois, que dans le Nord Pardailhan; un boundstone à Epiphyton et Renalcis de basse énergie est trouvé dans le Minervois et le Nord Pardailhan. H3 : les calices d’archéocyathes sont de grandes soucoupes, observées la plupart du temps sous forme de longs rubans ondulés, fragments de leur intervallum, dans un boundstone à Epiphyton et Renalcis. Dans le Nord Pardailhan, on trouve localement des faciès de tempête à la base des bioconstructions, tandis que dans le Sud Pardailhan,nodulaires, des mudstones, contenant des débris bioclastiques et quelques boundstones cryptalgaires et calcimicrobiens, sont le signe d’un environnement de basse énergie à la transition avec le bassin peu profond

Doping Dependence of the Redistribution of Optical Spectral Weight in Bi2_{2}Sr2_{2}CaCu2_{2}O8+δ_{8+\delta}

We present the ab-plane optical conductivity of four single crystals of Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8+\delta}$ (Bi2212) with different carrier doping levels from the strongly underdoped to the strongly overdoped range with $T_c$=66, 88, 77, and 67 K respectively. We focus on the redistribution of the low frequency optical spectral weight (SW) in the superconducting and normal states. The temperature dependence of the low-frequency spectral weight in the normal state is significantly stronger in the overdoped regime. In agreement with other studies, the superconducting order is marked by an increase of the low frequency SW for low doping, while the SW decreases for the highly overdoped sample. The effect crosses through zero at a doping concentration $\delta$=0.19 which is slightly to the right of the maximum of the superconducting dome. This sign change is not reproduced by the BCS model calculations, assuming the electron-momentum dispersion known from published ARPES data. Recent Cluster Dynamical Mean Field Theory (CDMFT) calculations based on the Hubbard and t-J models, agree in several relevant respects with the experimental data

EBSD: a powerful microstructure analysis technique in the field of solidification

This paper presents a few examples of the application of electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) to solidification problems. For directionally solidified Al-Zn samples, this technique could reveal the change in dendrite growth directions from to as the composition of zinc increases from 5 to 90 wt%. The corresponding texture evolution and grain selection mechanisms were also examined. Twinned dendrites that form under certain solidification conditions in Al-X specimens (with X = Zn, Mg, Ni, Cu) were clearly identified as dendrite trunks split in their centre by a (111) twin plane. In Zn-0.2 wt% Al hot-dip galvanized coatings on steel sheets, EBSD clearly revealed the preferential basal orientation distribution of the nuclei as well as the reinforcement of this distribution by the faster growth of dendrites. Moreover, in Al-Zn-Si coatings, misorientations as large as 10 degrees mm(-1) have been measured within individual grains. Finally, the complex band and lamellae microstructures that form in the Cu-Sn peritectic system at low growth rate could be shown to constitute a continuous network initiated from a single nucleus. EBSD also showed that the alpha and beta phases had a Kurdjumov-Sachs crystallographic relationship

Geochemical and mineralogical evolution of the Zn-Cd-Pb bearing tailings from the Saint-Salvy mine, France

4 million tonnes of waste generated by the treatment plant of the Saint-Salvy Zn mine have been dumped in a storage dam. Sulphides (3.5%) and Mn-siderite (20%) oxydize and dissolve. Drainage water exports most of SO$_4$ and Mn released. According to geochemical modelling taking into account slightly acidic pH and slightly reducing conditions within the tailings, ferrihydrite precipitates in situ inducing partial immobilization of Fe, and partial retention of Zn, Pb and Cd. Time required for site inertization is estimated around a century

Mobility of Pb, Zn and Cd in a soil developed on a carbonated bedrock in a semi-arid climate and contaminated by Pb-Zn tailing, Jebel Ressas (NE Tunisia)

Pb-, Zn- and Cd-bearing particles from the flotation tailing heaps of Jebel Ressas mine are carried by wind and water toward the surrounding agricultural areas. These crop-producing areas are made of fersialitic soils and developed on carbonated bedrock. The risk of ecotoxicity depends on the bioavailability fraction of metals which is closely related to their physicochemical and biological environment. The objective of this study was to assess the contamination of the soils surrounding the waste dumps and to estimate the bioavailable fraction of metals present in these soils. The flotation tailings display big amounts of Zn, Pb and Cd, averaging 7.11 %, 2.30 % and 290 mg kg(-1), respectively. The concentrations found in soils reach 6.3 % Zn, 2.3 % Pb and 290 mg kg(-1) Cd. Analyses of the samples taken between surface and bedrock show that Pb and Zn may reach concentrations as high as 900 mg kg(-1) 2 m below surface. Simple extraction tests show that with deionized water only Zn is mobile, with 0.02-0.03 mmol l(-1) released from soil. The mobilization of contaminants by organic acids, secreted by plants in the rhizosphere, is potentially higher than that achieved in the presence of percolating waters

Postanoxic functional recovery of the developing heart is slightly altered by endogenous or exogenous nitric oxide.

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is strongly and transiently expressed in the developing heart but its function is not well documented. This work examined the role, either protective or detrimental, that endogenous and exogenous NO could play in the functioning of the embryonic heart submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Spontaneously beating hearts isolated from 4-day-old chick embryos were either homogenized to determine basal inducible NOS (iNOS) expression and activity or submitted to 30 min anoxia followed by 100 min reoxygenation. The chrono-, dromo- and inotropic responses to anoxia/reoxygenation were determined in the presence of NOS substrate (L-arginine 10 mM), NOS inhibitor L-NIO (1-5 mM), or NO donor (DETA NONOate 10-100 microM). Myocardial iNOS was detectable by immunoblotting and its activity was specifically decreased by 53% in the presence of 5 mM L-NIO. L-Arginine, L-NIO and DETA NONOate at 10 microM had no significant effect on the investigated functional parameters during anoxia/reoxygenation. However, irrespective of anoxia/reoxygenation, DETA NONOate at 100 microM decreased ventricular shortening velocity by about 70%, and reduced atrio-ventricular propagation by 23%. None of the used drugs affected atrial activity and hearts of all experimental groups fully recovered at the end of reoxygenation. These findings indicate that (1) by contrast with adult heart, endogenously released NO plays a minor role in the early response of the embryonic heart to reoxygenation, (2) exogenous NO has to be provided at high concentration to delay postanoxic functional recovery, and (3) sinoatrial pacemaker cells are the less responsive to NO

Mineralising brines in the South West Massif Central, France

No abstract available

Caveolin-1 down-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase via the proteasome pathway in human colon carcinoma cells

To investigate whether caveolin-1 (cav-1) may modulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) function in intact cells, the human intestinal carcinoma cell lines HT29 and DLD1 that have low endogenous cav-1 levels were transfected with cav-1 cDNA. In nontransfected cells, iNOS mRNA and protein levels were increased by the addition of a mix of cytokines. Ectopic expression of cav-1 in both cell lines correlated with significantly decreased iNOS activity and protein levels. This effect was linked to a posttranscriptional mechanism involving enhanced iNOS protein degradation by the proteasome pathway, because (i) induction of iNOS mRNA by cytokines was not affected and (ii) iNOS protein levels increased in the presence of the proteasome inhibitors N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-Norleucinal and lactacystin. In addition, a small amount of iNOS was found to cofractionate with cav-1 in Triton X-100-insoluble membrane fractions where also iNOS degradation was apparent. As has been described for endothelial and neuronal NOS isoenzymes, direct binding between cav-1 and human iNOS was detected in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that cav-1 promotes iNOS presence in detergent-insoluble membrane fractions and degradation there via the proteasome pathway