Adaption of the ex vivo mycobacterial growth inhibition assay for use with murine lung cells.

In the absence of a correlate(s) of protection against human tuberculosis and a validated animal model of the disease, tools to facilitate vaccine development must be identified. We present an optimised ex vivo mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) to assess the ability of host cells within the lung to inhibit mycobacterial growth, including Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Erdman. Growth of BCG was reduced by 0.39, 0.96 and 0.73 log10 CFU following subcutaneous (s.c.) BCG, intranasal (i.n.) BCG, or BCG s.c. + mucosal boost, respectively, versus naïve mice. Comparatively, a 0.49 (s.c.), 0.60 (i.n.) and 0.81 (s.c. + mucosal boost) log10 reduction in MTB CFU was found. A BCG growth inhibitor, 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid hydrazide (TCH), was used to prevent quantification of residual BCG from i.n. immunisation and allow accurate MTB quantification. Using TCH, a further 0.58 log10 reduction in MTB CFU was revealed in the i.n. group. In combination with existing methods, the ex vivo lung MGIA may represent an important tool for analysis of vaccine efficacy and the immune mechanisms associated with vaccination in the organ primarily affected by MTB disease

Revisiting aminocoumarins for the treatment of melioidosis.

Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a potentially lethal disease that can establish both chronic and acute infections in humans. It is inherently recalcitrant to many antibiotics, there is a paucity of effective treatment options and there is no vaccine. In the present study, the efficacies of selected aminocoumarin compounds, DNA gyrase inhibitors that were discovered in the 1950s but are not in clinical use for the treatment of melioidosis were investigated. Clorobiocin and coumermycin were shown to be particularly effective in treating B. pseudomallei infection in vivo. A novel formulation with dl-tryptophan or l-tyrosine was shown to further enhance aminocoumarin potency in vivo. It was demonstrated that coumermycin has superior pharmacokinetic properties compared with novobiocin, and the coumermycin in l-tyrosine formulation can be used as an effective treatment for acute respiratory melioidosis in a murine model. Repurposing of existing approved antibiotics offers new resources in a challenging era of drug development and antimicrobial resistance

Asupan Zat Besi dan Prevalensi Anemia pada Remaja Usia 16-18 Tahun

Di Indonesia prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri usia 18-24 tahun sebesar 27.2%. Penyebabnya kehilangan darah secara kronis, kurangnya asupan zat besi, penyerapan zat besi yang tidak adekuat, serta meningkatan kebutuhan akan zat besi. Anemia menyebabkan penurunan imunitas, konsentrasi belajar, kebugaran dan produktifitas pada remaja putri. Bila dibiarkan dapat memberikan efek dikemudian hari seperti hamil dengan anemia serta berpengaruh pada bayi yang dilahirkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan zat besi, lama menstruasi, dan usia menarche terhadap kejadian anemia pada remaja putri. Jenis penelitiananalitik observasional dengan desain case control dengan total sampel sebanyak 56 remaja putri. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode proportionate stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asupan gizi kurang berisiko 0.551 kali (95%CI 0.139-2.179) mengalami anemia sedang. Lama menstruasi tidak normal berisiko 0.340 kali (95%CI 0.90-1.278) dan usia menarche tidak normal berisiko 0.833 kali (95%=0.202-3.435) mengalami anemia ringan. Kesimpulan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan zat besi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri. Saran bagi remaja putri agar meningkatkan asupan zat besi dengan mengkonsumsi makanan yang mengandung gizi seimban

Asupan Zat Besi dan Prevalensi Anemia Pada Remaja Usia 16-18 Tahun

In Indonesia, the prevalence of iron nutrition anemia in adolescent girls aged 13-18 years is 22.7%. The cause is chronic blood loss, lack of iron intake, inadequate absorption of iron, and increased need for iron. Anemia causes a decrease in immunity, the concentration of learning, fitness, and productivity in young women. If allowed to affect the future such as pregnancy with anemia and the effect on babies born, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of iron intake, menstrual length, and age of menarche to the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. This type of observational analytic study with Case-Control design with a total sample of 56 adolescent girls. The results showed that nutrient intake was less risky 0.551 times (95% CI 0.139-2.179) having moderate anemia compared to adolescents with adequate iron intake. Conclusion there is a significant relationship between iron intake and the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. Suggestions for young women to increase iron intake by consuming foods that contain balanced nutrition

Accounting Profession in Argentina; Professional Accounting in Foreign Country Series

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/1667/thumbnail.jp

Accounting Profession in Mexico; Professional Accounting in Foreign Country Series

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/1685/thumbnail.jp

Terahertz imaging of sub-wavelength particles with Zenneck surface waves

Impact of sub-wavelength-size dielectric particles on Zenneck surface waves on planar metallic antennas is investigated at terahertz (THz) frequencies with THz near-field probe microscopy. Perturbations of the surface waves show the particle presence, despite its sub-wavelength size. The experimental configuration, which utilizes excitation of surface waves at metallic edges, is suitable for THz imaging of dielectric sub-wavelength size objects. As a proof of concept, the effects of a small strontium titanate rectangular particle and a titanium dioxide sphere on the surface field of a bow-tie antenna are experimentally detected and verified using full-wave simulations

Equivalent Circuit for Double Annular Aperture Frequency Selective Surfaces

In this work a double annular aperture frequency selective surface is analyzed from an equivalent circuit perspective. A comparison between full wave numerical solution and the proposed equivalent circuit results is provided for different examples. A very good agreement is obtained endowing the equivalent circuit with great potential as a very powerful and efficient design tool for advanced space filters

The bumpy light curve of supernova iPTF13z

A Type IIn supernova (SN) is dominated by the interaction of SN ejecta with the circumstellar medium (CSM). Some SNe IIn (e.g., SN 2006jd) have episodes of re-brightening ("bumps") in their light curves. We present iPTF13z, a SN IIn discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) and characterised by several bumps in its light curve. We analyse this peculiar behaviour trying to infer the properties of the CSM and of the SN explosion, as well as the nature of its progenitor star. We obtained multi-band optical photometry for over 1000 days after discovery with the P48 and P60 telescopes at Palomar Observatory. We obtained low-resolution optical spectra in the same period. We did an archival search for progenitor outbursts. We analyse our photometry and spectra, and compare iPTF13z to other SNe IIn. A simple analytical model is used to estimate properties of the CSM. iPTF13z was a SN IIn showing a light curve with five bumps during its decline phase. The bumps had amplitudes between 0.4 and 0.9 mag and durations between 20 and 120 days. The most prominent bumps appeared in all our different optical bands. The spectra showed typical SN IIn characteristics, with emission lines of H$\alpha$ (with broad component FWHM ~$10^{3}-10^{4} ~{\rm ~km ~s^{-1}}$ and narrow component FWHM ~$10^2 \rm ~km ~s^{-1}$) and He I, but also with Fe II, Ca II, Na I D and H$\beta$ P-Cygni profiles (with velocities of ~$10^{3}$ ${\rm ~km ~s^{-1}}$). A pre-explosion outburst was identified lasting $\gtrsim 50$ days, with $M_r \approx -15$ mag around 210 days before discovery. Large, variable progenitor mass-loss rates (~> 0.01 $M_{\odot} \rm ~yr^{-1}$) and CSM densities (~> 10$^{-16}$ g cm$^{-3}$) are derived. We suggest that the light curve bumps of iPTF13z arose from SN ejecta interacting with denser regions in the CSM, possibly produced by the eruptions of a luminous blue variable star.Comment: Version 2: Update to match published paper. 21 pages, 14 figures, abstract abridged to comply with arXiv length limit. In version 1 of the paper on arXiv, Table 3 had some erroneous entries. Table 3 is now corrected and available via VizieR. Version 1 comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (24 pages, 14 figures, abstract abridged by 20 % not to exceed the arXiv length limit

Fotografía DE SEÑORA VESTIDA DE NEGRO SEÑORA DE MANUEL COBA [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201