Josette BONTE (1996), La télévision à la carte aux États-Unis

La télévision par câble se développe aux États-Unis dans les années quarante. En 1995, 90 % des foyers américains sont raccordables au câble, 65 % d’entre eux y sont abonnés. L’industrie du pay per view (« choix à la demande ») commence dans les années soixante-dix avec le lancement en 1975 de la société Home Box Office qui introduit la première notion de péage, sous forme d’abonnement. De 1977 à 1984 un test est conduit avec le principe du pay per view mais celui-ci n’est pas très concluant,..

Une méthode générique pour l'estimation du potentiel exploratoire des espèces anadromes face au changement climatique

International audienceThis poster was presented during the AFH conference in June 2015. It presents the methodology based on AHP developped. It aims to estimate an Exploratory Potential Index for anadromous fish of the north atlantic Ocean. It combines several independant variables and experts opinion in order to provide a single composite value

H3K4 trimethylation by CclA regulates pathogenicity and the production of three families of terpenoid secondary metabolites in Colletotrichum higginsianum

International audienc

[Non-solid and part-solid pulmonary nodules on CT scanning]

International audienceINTRODUCTION: The entities of non-solid and part-solid pulmonary nodules on CT scan have been recently described.STATE OF ART: Nonsolid and part-solid pulmonary nodules account for between 2.9 and 19% of all pulmonary nodules detected in high-risk patients included in CT screening series for lung cancer. Radio-pathological correlations have shown that the aetiology could be either benign (chronic pneumonia, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, localized fibrosis) or malignant (broncholoalveolar cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, more rarely metastasis). Part-solid or non-solid nodules are more likely to be malignant than solid ones. The doubling time of non-solid nodules can be longer than part-solid ones and even longer than the doubling time of solid nodules. Patient prognosis is related to the proportion of the ground glass component.PERSPECTIVE: The management of these nodules requires prolonged surveillance of nodules less than 10mm in diameter and surgical excision of nodules greater than 10mm persisting on scans between 1 to 3 months after they have been discovered and anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious therapy has been administered.CONCLUSIONS: Nonsolid and part-solid pulmonary nodules found on CT scan warrant a specific diagnostic workup

[Non-solid and part-solid pulmonary nodules on CT scanning]

International audienceINTRODUCTION: The entities of non-solid and part-solid pulmonary nodules on CT scan have been recently described.STATE OF ART: Nonsolid and part-solid pulmonary nodules account for between 2.9 and 19% of all pulmonary nodules detected in high-risk patients included in CT screening series for lung cancer. Radio-pathological correlations have shown that the aetiology could be either benign (chronic pneumonia, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, localized fibrosis) or malignant (broncholoalveolar cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, more rarely metastasis). Part-solid or non-solid nodules are more likely to be malignant than solid ones. The doubling time of non-solid nodules can be longer than part-solid ones and even longer than the doubling time of solid nodules. Patient prognosis is related to the proportion of the ground glass component.PERSPECTIVE: The management of these nodules requires prolonged surveillance of nodules less than 10mm in diameter and surgical excision of nodules greater than 10mm persisting on scans between 1 to 3 months after they have been discovered and anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious therapy has been administered.CONCLUSIONS: Nonsolid and part-solid pulmonary nodules found on CT scan warrant a specific diagnostic workup

Effectiveness and safety of anti-TNF therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in liver transplant recipients for primary sclerosing cholangitis: A nationwide case series

International audienceBACKGROUND: There is a lack of consensus regarding the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) after liver transplantation (LT) forprimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). AIM: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of anti-TNF therapy in patients with IBD after a LT for PSC. METHODS: We reviewed the medical files of all of the IBD patients who underwent a LT for PSC and who were treated with anti-TNF therapy at 23 French liver transplantation centers between 1989 and 2012. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (12 with ulcerative colitis and 6 who had Crohn's disease) were recruited at 9 LT centers. All of these patients received infliximab or adalimumab following their LT, and the median duration of their anti-TNF treatment was 10.4 months. The most frequent concomitant immunosuppressive treatment comprised a combination of tacrolimus and corticosteroids. Following anti-TNF therapy induction, a clinical response was seen in 16/18 patients (89%) and clinical remission in 10 (56%). At the end of the anti-TNF treatment or at the last follow-up examination (the median follow-up was 20.9 months), a clinical response was achieved in 12 patients (67%) and clinical remission in 7 (39%). A significant endoscopic improvement was observed in 9 out of 14 patients and a complete mucosal healing in 3 out of 14 patients (21%). Six patients experienced a severe infection. These were due to cholangitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, Clostridium difficile, cryptosporidiosis, or Enterococcus faecalis. Three patients developed colorectal cancer after LT, and two patients died during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-TNF therapy proved to be effective for treating IBD after LT for PSC. However, as 17% of the patients developed colorectal cancer during the follow-up, colonoscopic annual surveillance is recommended after LT, as specified in the current guidelines