Riscos na qualidade sanitária da carne de jacaré da Amazônia Central

Determining caiman meat quality is a major problem when establishing the production chain of wild populations. In Brazil, there are no protocols for this type of meat. The slaughter and processing were performed using a simplified, traditional floating raft system and a water treatment system that used both filtration and chemicals. The animals were caught using a hook, harpoon, resting pole, and cable snare. The wild caimans of two species (Melanosuchus niger and Caiman crocodilus) were captured in the region of the Piagaçu-Purus Sustainable Development Reserve in Central Amazon during three harvesting events. After each event, we progressively improved the meat-processing protocol. Microbiological testing of the meat was performed as described in norms and Brazilian legislation for fish meat. As a result, we achieved improvements in the sanitary quality of the meat of the killed animals for 57%, 76.5% and 100% of the samples obtained during the first, second, and third harvesting events, respectively. There were significant differences in the microbiological quality of the meat, with a reduction in the disapproval of the samples. The process of capturing animals, the cable snare, and the restraining pole were the factors that least affected the quality of the meat; in addition, animals between 81 and 100 cm of CRC had a lower risk of microbiological contamination. We can conclude that health surveillance activities, such as hand hygiene when handling meat, improvements in water quality, selection of animals of the most appropriate size for slaughter, and capture by less invasive methods can reduce the potential for microbiological contamination of the meat contribute to decrease the potential for microbiological contamination of meat.A determinação da qualidade sanitária da carne de jacaré é um dos principais problemas no estabelecimento da cadeia produtiva deste animal, pois não existem protocolos no Brasil para esse tipo de carne. O abate e processamento da carne foram realizados em sistema simplificado e artesanal em balsa flutuante, com sistema de tratamento de água por filtração e produtos químicos. Os animais foram capturados por anzol, arpão, cambão e laço. Foram capturados animais de vida silvestre na região da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus, na Amazônia Central, das espécies Melanosuchus niger e Caiman crocodilos, em três eventos de abate, com melhoria progressiva no protocolo de beneficiamento da carne. Foram feitas análises microbiológicas da carne, conforme descrito em normas e legislações brasileiras para a carne de pescado. Como resultados da pesquisa obtivemos melhorias na qualidade microbiológica da carne dos animais abatidos, conforme as medidas de vigilância sanitária que foram adotadas, passando de 57% de amostras aprovadas no 1º lote de abate para 76,5% no 2º lote e, no final, para 100% no 3º lote. Ocorreram diferenças significativas no comprometimento da qualidade sanitária da carne, com diminuição das reprovações das amostras. Os processos de captura dos animais, laço e cambão foram os que menos comprometeram a qualidade da carne, e animais com tamanho na faixa de 81 a 100 cm de CRC foram os que apresentaram menor risco de contaminação microbiológica. Podemos concluir que ações de vigilância sanitária como: higienização das mãos durante a manipulação da carne, melhorias na qualidade da água, abate de animais no tamanho mais adequado e captura por métodos menos invasivos contribuem para diminuição dos riscos potenciais de contaminação microbiológica da carne

Evidence of cryptic lineages within a small South American crocodilian: the Schneider’s dwarf caiman Paleosuchus trigonatus (Alligatoridae: Caimaninae)

Schneider’s dwarf caiman Paleosuchus trigonatus is one of the smallest living crocodilians. Due to its broad distribution, cryptic behavior, and small home range, the species is well suited for the study of phylogeographic patterns on a continental scale. Additionally, this species is under threat due to habitat loss, trade and harvest, but is considered at low conservation risk by the IUCN. In the present study we test the hypothesis that P. trigonatus is comprised of geographically structured lineages. Phylogenetic reconstructions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and single locus species discovery methods revealed the existence of two well-supported lineages within P. trigonatus—an Amazonian and Guianan lineage. Fossil calibrated divergence of these lineages was estimated to have occurred in the Late Miocene (7.5 Ma). The hypothesis that the Atlantic coast drainages might have been colonized from the southeast or central Amazon is supported by demographic metrics and relatively low genetic diversity of the Coastal and upper Branco populations when compared to the Amazon basin populations. The Amazon basin lineage is structured along an east-west gradient, with a sharp transition in haplotype frequencies to the east and west of the Negro and Madeira rivers. These lineages are already under anthropogenic threat and, therefore, are conservation dependent. Recognition of these lineages will foster discussion of conservation future of P. trigonatus and these lineages

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the trachea: case report

CONTEXT: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are most commonly found in the stomach, lungs, orbital soft tissue, salivary glands and thyroid. Involvement of the trachea is extremely rare. CASE REPORT: This report describes a rare case of MALT lymphoma of the trachea in a 71-year-old woman who presented with a one-year history of coughing, dyspnea, hoarseness and weight loss. There was an infiltrative lesion in the mid-trachea. The anatomopathological diagnosis was only made from the fifth endoscopic biopsy attempt. Immunochemotherapy consisting of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (R-COP) induced complete remission of the symptoms and endoscopic lesion. CONCLUSIONS: MALT lymphoma of the trachea is extremely rare and indolent disease. It has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of airway lesions. It is crucial to obtain an anatomopathological diagnosis from a specialized pathologist. Immunochemotherapy with R-COP induced complete remission of the disease