SU(2) higher-order effective quark interactions from polarization

Higher order quark effective interactions are found for SU(2) flavor by departing from a non local quark-quark interaction. By integrating out a component of the quark field, the determinant is expanded in chirally symmetric and symmetry breaking effective interactions up to the fifh order in the quark bilinears. The resulting coupling constants are resolved in the leading order of the longwavelength limit and exact numerical ratios between several of these coupling constants are obtained in the large quark mass limit. In this level, chiral invariant interactions only show up in even powers of the quark bilinears, i.e. ${\cal O}(\bar{\psi} \psi)^{2 n}$ ($n=1,2,3,..$), whereas (explicit) chiral symmetry breaking terms emerge as ${\cal O}(\bar{\psi} \psi)^{n}$ being always proportional to some power of the Lagrangian quark mass.Comment: 11 pages, revised version, submitted to publicatio

Low energy constituent quark and pion effective couplings in a weak external magnetic field

An effective model with pions and constituent quarks in the presence of a weak external background electromagnetic field is derived by starting from a dressed one gluon exchange quark-quark interaction.By applying the auxiliary field and background field methods, the structureless pion limit is considered to extract effective pion and constituent quark couplings in the presence of a weak magnetic field. The leading terms of a large quark and gluon masses expansion are obtained by resolving effective coupling constants which turn out to depend on a weak magnetic field. Two pion field definitions are considered for that. Several relations between the effective coupling constants and parameters can be derived exactly or in the limit of very large quark mass at zero and weak constant magnetic field. Among these ratios, the Gell Mann Oakes Renner and the quark level Goldberger Treiman relations are obtained. In addition to that, in the pion sector, the leading terms of Chiral Perturbation Theory coupled to the electromagnetic field is recovered. Some numerical estimates are provided for the effective coupling constants and parameters.Comment: 26 pages, revised and improved version with numerical estimates. To be published in Eur.Phys. Journ. A (2018

Wilson Loop Invariants from WNW_N Conformal Blocks

Knot and link polynomials are topological invariants calculated from the expectation value of loop operators in topological field theories. In 3D Chern-Simons theory, these invariants can be found from crossing and braiding matrices of four-point conformal blocks of the boundary 2D CFT. We calculate crossing and braiding matrices for $W_N$ conformal blocks with one component in the fundamental representation and another in a rectangular representation of $SU(N)$, which can be used to obtain HOMFLY knot and link invariants for these cases. We also discuss how our approach can be generalized to invariants in higher-representations of $W_N$ algebra.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figure

Decomposing 8-regular graphs into paths of length 4

A $T$-decomposition of a graph $G$ is a set of edge-disjoint copies of $T$ in $G$ that cover the edge set of $G$. Graham and H\"aggkvist (1989) conjectured that any $2\ell$-regular graph $G$ admits a $T$-decomposition if $T$ is a tree with $\ell$ edges. Kouider and Lonc (1999) conjectured that, in the special case where $T$ is the path with $\ell$ edges, $G$ admits a $T$-decomposition $\mathcal{D}$ where every vertex of $G$ is the end-vertex of exactly two paths of $\mathcal{D}$, and proved that this statement holds when $G$ has girth at least $(\ell+3)/2$. In this paper we verify Kouider and Lonc's Conjecture for paths of length $4$