Identifikasi Jenis-jenis Pohon Penyusun Vegetasi Gambut Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu

Borneo has a diversity of flora is very rich, this island is a center of plants diversity. Approximately 15.000 species of flowering plants found in this island and there are more than 3000 species of which are trees. The data of plant species diversity in Kalimantan forests (Indonesia) is still lacks, in particular the data about tree species on peat swamp forests.The research was conducted on the peat swamp forest in Danau Sentarum National Park, Kapuas Hulu regency, West Kalimantan. The purpose of this study is to know the trees species as the compiler of peat swamp vegetation in Danau Sentarum National Park with do identification. The method used in this research is the exploration and collection of flora that is done by way of cruising on the line transect, with exploring every corner of the research areas that can represent the type of ecosystem or vegetation types in the areas studied. Base on research, peat swamp forest in Danau Sentarum National Park has a diversity of tree species are quite high with the discovery of 107 trees species are classified into 48 family. From 48 family were found, Dipterocarpaceae is found with the highest number with 12 species. Diversity of flora in the peat forest is not too rich when compared to the diversity of flora in the mixed Dipterocarp forest, but most of the flora species grown on peat swamp forests is specific species because it is relatively rare found in other forest types. Keywords : Idenfication, Tree Species, Peat Swamp, Danau Sentaru

Penetapan Kadar Andrografolid dalam Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Herba Sambiloto dengan KLT-Spektrofotodensitometri

Herba sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Ness) memiliki kandungan utama yaitu andrografolid yang mempunyai banyak aktivitas farmakologi seperti dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah, trigliserida dan LDL, sebagai antiinflamasi, antioksidan, antidiabetes, dan antiaterosklerosis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kadar andrografolid yang terdapat dalam ekstrak terpurifikasi herba sambiloto. Ekstrak terpurifikasi dibuat dengan mengekstraksi serbuk herba sambiloto dengan metode maserasi dan dilakukan purifikasi bertahap menggunakan pelarut n-hexan, etil asetat dan air. Pada proses penetapan kadar, standar andrografolid dan sampel ekstrak terpurifikasi herba sambiloto ditotolkan pada plat KLT Silika Gel GF254 kemudian dieluasikan dengan menggunakan fase gerak berupa campuran kloroform : metanol (9:1). Pengukuran kadar dilakukan dengan densitometer. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa panjang gelombang serapan maksimum larutan baku standar andrografolid dan ekstrak terpurifikasi sambiloto adalah sama yaitu 230 nm. Kadar andrografolid dalam ekstrak terpurifikasi herba sambiloto mengandung 29,81% b/b andrografolid dengan SD 0,021

Black Hole Evaporation in a Noncommutative Charged Vaidya Model

The aim of this paper is to study the black hole evaporation and Hawking radiation for a noncommutative charged Vaidya black hole. For this purpose, we determine spherically symmetric charged Vaidya model and then formulate a noncommutative Reissner-Nordstr$\ddot{o}$m-like solution of this model which leads to an exact $(t-r)$ dependent metric. The behavior of temporal component of this metric and the corresponding Hawking temperature is investigated. The results are shown in the form of graphs. Further, we examine the tunneling process of the charged massive particles through the quantum horizon. It is found that the tunneling amplitude is modified due to noncommutativity. Also, it turns out that black hole evaporates completely in the limits of large time and horizon radius. The effect of charge is to reduce the temperature from maximum value to zero. It is mentioned here that the final stage of black hole evaporation turns out to be a naked singularity.Comment: 25 pages, 36 figures, accepted for publication in J. Exp. Theor. Phy

Rapid Identification of Fluorochrome Modification Sites in Proteins by LC ESI-Q-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Conjugation of either a fluorescent dye or a drug molecule to the ε-amino groups of lysine residues of proteins has many applications in biology and medicine. However, this type of conjugation produces a heterogeneous population of protein conjugates. Because conjugation of fluorochrome or drug molecule to a protein may have deleterious effects on protein function, the identification of conjugation sites is necessary. Unfortunately, the identification process can be time-consuming and laborious; therefore, there is a need to develop a rapid and reliable way to determine the conjugation sites of the fluorescent label or drug molecule. In this study, the sites of conjugation of fluorescein-5′-isothiocyanate and rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate to free amino groups on the insert-domain (I-domain) protein derived from the α-subunit of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) were determined by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF MS) along with peptide mapping using trypsin digestion. A reporter fragment of the fluorochrome moiety that is generated in the collision cell of the Q-TOF without explicit MS/MS precursor selection was used to identify the conjugation site. Selected ion plots of the reporter ion readily mark modified peptides in chromatograms of the complex digest. Interrogation of theses spectra reveals a neutral loss/precursor pair that identifies the modified peptide. The results show that one to seven fluorescein molecules or one to four rhodamine molecules were attached to the lysine residue(s) of the I-domain protein. No modifications were found in the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS), which is an important binding region of the I-domain

Response of Soil and Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) on the Application of Several Local Microorganism and Manures

Introduction: This research was conducted to determine the effect of several types of local microorganism solutions and manures on the growth and yield of peanut and their impact on the physical properties of ultisols. Materials and Methods: The researches was conducted in Simalingkar B, Medan using Factorial Randomized Block Design within three replications. The first factor was types of microbe sources of local microbial solutions, include un-treated waste (M0), pineapple (M1), orange (M2), and tamarillo (M3) wastes. The second factor was manure types, inluce un-treated manure (P0), chicken (P1), cow (P2), and goat (P3) manures. The parameters were: soil physical characteristics (bulk density, water content and total of pore space), plant height, stem diameter, number of pods, and dry seeds yield. Results: The types of local microorganism solutions only affect to plant height of peanut, but has insignificant effect on the physical properties of ultisols, and stem diameter, the number of filled pods.plant-1, and the dry seeds yield.ha-1 of peanut. The types of manure had significantly effected on plant height and number of filled pods.plant-1, but had insignificant effect on stem diameter, dry seeds yield.ha-1 and the physical properties of ultisols. The interaction of MOL sources and manure did not significantly affect the growth and yield of peanut as well as the physical properties of ultisols. Orange MOL and chicken manure could be increase the plant height of peanut by 18.61% and 6.75%, respectively, compared to un-treated. Goat manure showed the highest number of pods.plant-1 by 6.32% compared to un-treated