Estimation of the Recreational Use Value Gained from Recreational Fishing of Southern Bluefin Tuna at Portland, Australia

Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus Maccoyii) is a global resource which is critically endangered. The Committee for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) sets commercial quota levels for member nations, including Australia, each year. However, southern bluefin tuna is also a popular “trophy” fish with recreational anglers and the size of the total recreational catch in Australia is unknown but thought to be significant. This study focuses on the recreational southern bluefin tuna catch at Portland, in southwest Victoria and is based on data collected during the 2010 fishing season. The results indicate that the size of the recreational catch at Portland is significant in terms of the management of the fishery. A travel cost study was undertaken to estimate the recreational value of the fishery. The on-site recreational use value (consumer surplus) per person per visit is estimated to be between $33 and$132 and the on-site annual recreational use value of the fishery for this one season is estimated to be between $449,533 and$1,325,124.Travel cost method, recreational fishing, southern bluefin tuna, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Alien Registration- Ezzy, Anthony G. (Allagash, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/32707/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Ezzy, George F. (Van Buren, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/33345/thumbnail.jp

Integrated Approach to Characterisation of Coastal Plain Aquifers and Groundwater Flow Processes: Bells Creek Catchment, Southeast Queensland

Low-lying coastal plains comprised of unconsolidated infill are internally complex hydrogeological settings, due to the high level of heterogeneity in the infill material. In order to resolve the hydrogeological processes active in these complex settings, an integrated multi-disciplinary, geoscientific approach is required. This research determines quantitatively, the effects of sedimentary aquifer heterogeneity on groundwater flowpaths and groundwater processes within a heavily laterised, coastal plain setting. The study site is the Bells Creek catchment in southeast Queensland, Australia. The methodology developed in this study provides a new approach to enable the determination of groundwater flowpaths and groundwater processes at macroscale resolution within other shallow alluvial and coastal plain aquifers. The multi-disciplinary approach utilises sedimentological, geophysical, chronological and hydrogeological techniques (including hydrochemistry and groundwater flow modelling) to develop a high-resolution aquifer framework, and to determine accurately, both groundwater flowpaths and relative flow rates. Sedimentary framework is confirmed to be the principal factor controlling the distribution of aquifer permeability pathways in any given setting, and is therefore, the dominant control over groundwater flow and processes. For the Bells Creek catchment, interpretation of stratigraphic and sedimentary data allowed the compilation of a detailed sedimentary framework. This interpretation demonstrated that weathering of the low-lying arkose sandstone bedrock has developed thick lateritic profiles. Within the weathering profiles, cemented, iron-rich horizons have resisted erosion and developed raised and elongated ridges in the modern landscape, while other clay-rich weathered layers have submitted to erosion and downgraded around those iron-rich ridges. Consequently, alluvial deposition throughout the Late Quaternary has been restricted to narrow, and relatively deep valleys containing sandrich channels, and thin floodplains at shallow depth. From a hydrogeological perspective, there is significant macroscopic aquifer heterogeneity between fine-grained lateritic mixed clay layers, floodplain clays, ironcemented ferricrete horizons, and permeable sand-rich alluvial aquifers. This variability of aquifer material has created a complex subsurface arrangement of permeability pathways. Application of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in this setting enabled accurate definition of alluvial channel boundaries and the high degree of connectedness within the channels themselves. Interpretation of a comprehensive GPR dataset (that covered the entire catchment) allowed refinement of the sedimentary framework previously established to develop a detailed threedimensional aquifer framework. Finite-difference groundwater modelling and particle tracking analysis (using MODFLOW and MODPATH) has clearly demonstrated that the macroscopic heterogeneity within the various aquifer materials of the plain has marked impacts on groundwater pathways, and especially groundwater travel times. The variability between a maximum residence time of 18 months for groundwater within the alluvium, compared to hundreds of years for groundwater within the mixed clay layers of the laterite, clearly demonstrates the importance of accurately defining the spatial distribution of the various aquifer materials in a groundwater flow investigation. In this setting, the interconnection of the narrow alluvial channels feeding into a deeper alluvial delta has provided an effective conduit for shallow groundwater flow. The role of the alluvial delta in discharging the bulk of fresh groundwater from the central plain into the coastal and estuarine aquifers to the east, is certainly critical in preventing saline intrusion from encroaching further west. Hydrochemical and isotopic indicators have identified the dominant recharge processes and groundwater flowpaths within the plain, and indicated that the processes are strongly related to sub-surface permeability distributions determined in the aquifer framework (and groundwater modelling), as well as seasonal fluctuations in rainfall. In the northwest of the plain, sandstone hills provide a delayed and slightly mineralized component of groundwater recharge into adjacent highly permeable, unconfined alluvial aquifers; these aquifers also recharge directly via precipitation. Aluminosilicate weathering in the bedrock hills and eastern peripheries of the laterised bedrock are a source of excess Na, SiO2, and HCO3 to the alluvial groundwater. As this groundwater flows down-gradient to the east, however, its chemical composition evolves by sulfate reduction, silica equilibrium and ion exchange processes into a more mature Na-Cl type. Within the shallow coastal aquifers proximal to the eastern shoreline, sulfate enrichment is occurring (associated with increases in Ca, HCO3, Fe and Al) resulting in major deterioration in groundwater quality. The deterioration is produced by saline intrusion from the adjacent estuary coupled with oxidation of sulfide materials in shallow marine and estuarine clays. Reverses in salinity in those coastal aquifers have been correlated with surges in fresh recharge waters from unconfined coastal dunes and semi-confined landward alluvium, following significant rainfall events. The multi-disciplinary methodology developed, provides an effective approach for accurately defining the three-dimensional distribution of shallow aquifer material of varying permeability via detailed stratigraphic interpretation and GPR analysis. Utilising this aquifer framework, finite-difference groundwater modelling aided by hydrogeological data and hydrochemical analysis, allows accurate determination of groundwater flowpaths and groundwater processes. This research provides a new hydrogeological analogue for alluvial channel aquifers within a laterised coastal plain setting. Key Words: groundwater flow, aquifer heterogeneity, numerical modelling, hydrochemistry, recharge, ground penetrating radar, coastal plain aquifers, weathering, alluvial channels

Alien Registration- Shamatta, Mary E. (Van Buren, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/33346/thumbnail.jp

The Impact of Teaching English Language from Communicative Perspective: A Case Study of Universities and Schools in Yemen

It is a well-known fact that English is an international language and assumes great significance in various fields all over the world Realizing this fact the number of universities and schools in Yemen introduced English in their syllabus as a compulsory subject and many students have been attempting to develop their ability to speak fluently in English with others Apart from this Yemeni parents have also realized the importance of the English language for learning Science Technology and developing their business in the present world Hence they are encouraging and insisting on their children to learn the English Language and acquiring mastery over it However most of the students in Yemen pay scant attention towards it Hence they are not able to talk or express themselves in the English language Many factors are responsible for this state of affairs One of the main reasons is that in Yemen teachers are teaching the English as a foreign language Besides the students do not have sufficient opportunities to practice English either in the classroom or outside Consequently the result of ELT in Yemen is far from our expectation

EFFECT OF TORCH AGENTS AND CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS ON REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS AND FERTILITY HORMONES OF IRAQI INFERTILE MALES

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acute TORCH infection [Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus; cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpessimplex virus 2 (HSV2)] and Chlamydia trachomatis on semen parameters and fertility hormones; follicular stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizinghormone (LH); prolactin; progesterone; testosterone among infertile males.Methods: Serum and semen samples collected from (155) infertile males. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test used to determine TORCH andC. trachomatis immunoglobulin M (IgM), FSH, LH, prolactin; progesterone; testosterone among infertile males. Standard world health organizationprotocol used to perform semen analysis.Results: A significant correlation between age group and CMV - IgM, HSV2 - IgM positivity (p=0.05 and 0.024). Type of infertility inverselycorrelated with T. gondii - IgM positivity (p=0.039) and positively correlated with Rubella - IgM (p=0.021). Significant correlation of T. gondii - CMVco-infection (p=0.048); T. gondii - Rubella co-infection (p=0.007); T. gondii - C. trachomatis co-infection (p=0.001). Significant correlation betweensemen parameters and TORCH positivity testosterone level significantly correlated with T. gondii - IgM; Rubella - IgM. Inverse significant correlationbetween C. trachomatis - IgM and FSH level. Significant correlations between TORCH - IgM positivity, semen parameters and hormones were followingT. gondii, CMV, total sperm count and LH. T. gondii, Rubella, active motility and LH. T. gondii, total sperm count and prolactin. CMV, HSV2, C. trachomatistrachomatis, active sperm motility and progesterone. Rubella, sluggish motility and LH level. T. gondii; Rubella, sperm dead % and LH. T. gondii; sluggishmotility and FSH. T. gondii; CMV; sluggish motility and FSH. T. gondii, sluggish motility and prolactin.HSV2, sluggish motility and progesterone level. T. gondii, CMV, HSV2, sperm dead % and progesterone. Sluggish motility, T. gondii, C. trachomatis, HSV2 and testosterone. T. gondii, C. trachomatis, spermdead % and testosterone. C. trachomatis, HSV2; normal sperm morphology and LH. T. gondii, normal sperm morphology and prolactin level. HSV2,normal sperm morphology and testosterone. T. gondii, abnormal sperm morphology and prolactin. C. trachomatis, abnormal sperm morphology and LH.Conclusions: A current study proved several important and outstanding results about the role of TORCH agent and C. trachomatis in male infertility.TORCH agent and C. trachomatis have direct effects on sperm parameters. T. gondii and Rubella have a direct effect on testosterone levels; C. trachomatishas direct effect on FSH among infertile males. TORCH agent plays a vital role in hormonal disturbances that lead to sperm abnormalities andsubsequently to infertility problem.Keywords: TORCH, Chlamydia trachomatis, Semen parameters, Fertility hormones

Molecular and Immunopathological Role of Gastric Versus lymphocytes Interleukin 8 Gene Expression in H.pylori Induced Fas-Fasl Apoptotic Pathway in Gastroduodenal Ulcer in Iraqi Patients

The main Objective was to determine the role of Cag A positive H.pylori in modulation of expression of FAS,FASL and IL8 mRNA in gastroduodenal tissue and infiltrated lymphocytes and its effects in development of gastroduodenal ulcer (GDU).Twenty one GDU patients and (10) control were chosen. Multiple gastric mucosal biopsies taken for rapid urease test and slides preparation from paraffin blocks. Biotinylated DNA probe for human FAS, FASL and IL8, genes used for detection of their expression in tissue lymphocytes and gastric epithelial cells using ISH technique. Biotinylated DNA probe for H.pylori Cag A gene used for detection of its expression in gastric epithelial cells. Insitu CagA was detected in (42.85%) of GDU cases. The toxin was not detected among control. There is a highly significant differences among CagA positive cases as well as Cag Anegative cases in FAS mRNA, FasL mRNA and IL8 mRNA expression between Gastroduodenal tissue(GDT) and Tissue infiltrating lymphocytes( TILs)(p <0.05).Significant difference in tissue FAS mRNA and tissue IL8 mRNA over expression (p<0.05) was detected. while no such difference was detected in tissue FASL mRNA between CagA positive and CagA negative cases was detected. Significant difference in TILs FasL and TILs IL8 mRNA expression between Cag A positive and Cag A negative GDU cases (p<0.05) .while no such difference in expression of FAS m RNA in TILs between Cag Apositive and CagA negative GDU cases . Significant difference between control group and H.pylori Cag positive GDU cases (P<0.05) as well as H.pylori CagAnegative cases (p< 0.05 ) was detected.in normal control gastroduodenal tissue , Fas mRNA, FasL mRNA and IL8 mRNA expressed in less than 5% of infiltrated Lymphocytes which considered negative. Lymphocytes FAS mRNA expression has significant correlation with tissue FAS (r= 0.435 , p=0.049). Tissue Fas mRNA expression has significant correlation with Lymphocytes FASL (r= 0. 561 , p=0.008);Lymphocytes IL8 (r= 0. 529 , p=0.014) and CagA (r= 0.436, p=0.048). Lymphocytes FASL mRNA expression has significant correlation with Lymphocytes IL8 (r= 0.650, p=0.001) . In conclusions Cag A gene play a vital role in modulation of FAS , FASL and IL8 genes expressed in gastroduodenal ulcer tissue and infiltrated lymphocytes which reflect the severity of histopathological changes during the course of H.pylori infection. Keywords: gastroduodenal ulcer, Fas, FasL, ,IL8 ,H.pylori ,Cag A ,Ira