Nanoemulsions in Food Industry

A great attention has been received in the last few years for nanotechnology applications in food as well as pharmaceutical industries. People are looking for healthy and safe food worldwide. Therefore, researchers have been currently focusing on nanoemulsion technology that is particularly suited for the production of functional food. This chapter includes an overview about nanoemulsion terminology and formulation, various approaches for production of nanoemulsions which include high energy approaches such as high-pressure valve homogenization, microfluidizers and ultrasonic homogenization, and low energy methods such as spontaneous emulsification, phase inversion composition, phase inversion temperature and emulsion inversion point. In addition, the applications of nanoemulsions in food industry are discussed in detail

Generalized magneto-thermoelasticity in a perfectly conducting medium

AbstractA model of the equations of generalized magneto-thermoelasticity in a perfectly conducting medium is given. The formulation is applied to generalizations, Lord–Shulman theory with one relaxation time and the Green–Lindsay theory with two relaxation times, as well as to the coupled theory.Laplace transforms and Fourier transforms techniques are used to get the solution. The resulting formulation is used to solve a specific two-dimensional problem. The inverses of Fourier transforms are obtained analytically.Laplace transforms are obtained using the complex inversion formula of the transform together with Fourier expansion techniques.Numerical results for the temperature distribution, thermal stress and displacement components are represented graphically. A comparison was made with the results predicted by the three theories

Effect of Water Harvesting and Re-Seeding on Forage Biomass Production from Rangelands in Sheikan Locality, North Kordofan State, Sudan

This study was conducted at Sheikan Locality, North Kordofan State, Sudan. The area has a unimodal annual rainfall of 300-400 mm occurring during July-October. The main economic activities are crop and livestock production. Livestock are raised either under sedentary or migratory systems where natural grazing is practiced. The dominant livestock species are sheep, cattle, goats and camels. A main determinant of livestock production is low forage production resulting from low soil moisture due to low total precipitation and is also due to poor water infiltration rate associated with the prevalent type of sandy clay soils locally known as “gardud”. These soils are widespread and are prone to excessive runoff. Water harvesting is thought to increase soil moisture content and hence pasture productivity. This study aims to investigate effect of three water harvesting techniques namely contour ridges, runoff strips and flat (control); and two planting methods specifically reseeding and natural regeneration (un-reseeded) on forage biomass production, plant density and vegetation cover. Forage biomass production in the reseeded site was 3.65, 2.25 and 0.65 t/ha for the three treatments respectively. In the un-reseeded site the values were 2.85, 1.75 and 0.55 t/ha respectively (P \u3c 0.001). A similar trend was found for plant density and plant cover. It was concluded that water harvesting and reseeding resulted in increased forage biomass production and plant cover from rangelands. The results were discussed in relation to effect of increasing soil moisture content on improving livelihoods and mitigating environmental degradation