The marginaliztion of women in the political participation process in Egypt

This article examines the current situation of women in the political participation process in Egypt while highlighting cultural, social, economic, political and legal restrictions that are preventing women from having a chance to be more politically involved

Narratives on Wheels: Mobility, Language, and Representation on Egyptian Roads

In this brief exploration, I try to look at a form of popular expression which is microbuses bumper stickers and to look more specifically at the statements printed on these stickers as a form of public expression, representation, and possibly resistance on the part of their agential producers--the vehicles\u27 drivers. I provide a preliminary content analysis for some of the statements I gathered, as well as look at the context of production and dissemination of these stickers. Finally, I try to argue for regarding these statements as a conscious mode of self-expression and self-representation for people otherwise thought of as silent, or at least incompetent of representing themselves--consequently must be represented, and controlled

The supraorbital keyhole approach for clipping of anterior circulation ruptured aneurysms

Introduction. The supraorbital approach has been demonstrated to be useful, particularly in minimization of brain retraction and exposure to air, decreases blood loss, surgical trauma, operative time and infection rates. While its shortcomings include   difficult control of frontal air sinus, narrower surgical view and limited exposure of sylvian fissure. Patients and methods. We retrospectively reviewed the files of patients who underwent clipping of anterior circulation aneurysms through the supraorbital keyhole approach at Neurosurgery Department, Mansoura University between Jan 2014 and May 2016. Results. Twenty-five consecutive patients harbouring aneurysm at anterior circulation underwent clipping through the supraorbital keyhole approach, sixteen A-com artery aneurysms and nine cases of ICA aneurysms Table 1 show the location of aneurysms. Eleven patients were males, and 14 were females. The ages ranged from 44 to 69 with a mean age of 61.9 years. All patients were presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to rupture of aneurysms in anterior circulation The Hunt and Hess grade was (1.50 ± 0.65) and Fisher grade was (1.67 ± 0.45). The average operative time was 3.32 ± 1.14 hours. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 16 months with a mean of 7 months Conclusion. Surgical clipping of some selected aneurysms of anterior circulation can be operated through minimally invasive supraorbital approach which minimize the dissection and retraction of the brain, reduce operative time and blood loss with small incision and good cosmetic results

Fixed bed adsorption of CO2, CH4, and N2 and their mixtures in potassium-exchanged binder-free beads of Y zeolite

The adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen (N2) has been studied on potassium-exchanged (95%) binder-free beads of Y zeolite through single, binary, and ternary fixed bed breakthrough experiments, covering the temperature range between 313 and 423 K and a pressure of up to 350 kPa. At 313 K and 350 kPa, the single-component data obtained showed that the amounts adsorbed of CO2, CH4, and N2 are around 6.42, 1.45, and 0.671 mol kg-1, respectively. The binary experiments CO2/N2 carried out under typical post-combustion conditions show a selectivity of CO2 over N2 around 104. The ternary experiments resulted in the selectivities of CO2 over CH4 and N2 around 19 and 45, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium data have been modeled by the dual-site Langmuir model, and the breakthrough experiments were numerically simulated with a suitable dynamic fixed bed adsorption model. The model predicts with good accuracy the systematic behavior of all breakthrough experiments. The results shown in the present work prove that the potassium-exchanged binder-free beads of Y zeolite enhance the amount adsorbed of CO2 at low partial pressure over other alkali metal-exchanged faujasites and efficiently separate it from binary (CO2/N2) and ternary (CO2/CH4/N2) mixtures by fixed bed adsorption.The authors thank the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and ERDF under Programme PT2020 to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019) and POCI-01-0145- FEDER006984-Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM. The authors also thank the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) under Programme PTDC 2020 * 3599-PPCDTI * Engenharia dos Processos Químicos project PTDC/EQUEPQ/0467/2020. Last, the authors thank the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) through the individual research grants SFRH/BD/148525/2019 for A.H. and DFA/BD/7925/2020 for L.F.A.S.Z.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence And Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Of Linezolid And Vancomycin Resistant Gram-Positve Cocci Isolated From Surgical Site Infections

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Gram-positive cocci isolated from surgical site infections. Out of 320 bacterial isolates, 268 (83.75%) were identified as Staphylococcus spp. and 52 (16.25%) were identified as Enterococcus spp. Among staphylococci, 71.64% were coagulase-positive and 28.36% were coagulase-negative. The antimicrobial resistance of all isolates was tested with a disc diffusion method. The majority (69%) of coagulase-positive staphylococci were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while 31% were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). All staphylococci were found to be susceptible to vancomycin and only two isolates were found to be resistant to linezolid. On the other hand, high level (28%) of resistance to vancomycin was observed in enterococci and no enterococcal isolates exhibited resistance towards linezolid. Results revealed that all investigated isolates were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. High prevalence of erythromycin and ciprofloxacin resistance was observed in 91 and 77% of isolates, respectively, while only 18 and 28% of the isolates were resistant to amikacin and clindamycin, respectively

Early versus Late Trophic Feeding: Effect on Health Status of Low Birth Weight Neonates

This study aimed to compare the effect of early versus late trophic feeding on the health status of low birth weight neonates. A comparative descriptive design was utilized on a convenience sample of one hundred low birth weight neonates, fifty of them for early group trophic feeding and the other fifty for late feeding. Sample was collected from two NICUs in Cairo University Hospitals from May 2013 till February 2014 to answer the research question” Does health status of low birth weight (LBW) neonates who start early trophic feeding better than those who started late trophic feeding?” Three tools were developed by researchers: socio-demographic data, nutritional recording sheet and observational check list for feeding tolerance signs and it filled by researchers daily for every neonate from admission till discharge. Results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the clinical and maternal characteristics of neonates in the two groups. The birth weight was increased significantly for early group than late in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week. Amount of parenteral nutrition, hospital stay significantly less in early compared to late feeding group; late group experienced a highly significance incidence of milk intolerance and infection signs in the first week only. The benefits of early trophic feeding shown by this study strongly support its use for the LBW neonates. Early trophic feeding must be encouraged for all low birth weight neonates were recommended. Keywords: Early, Late Trophic Feeding, Health Status, Low Birth Weight Neonate

Anaemia during critical illness

Anaemia occurs frequently during critical illness. Recent studies have increased our understanding of how well critically ill patients tolerate anaemia. It is known that anaemia does not result simply from diagnostic and physical blood loss, but is multifactorial in origin. Recently, abnormalities in circulating red cell function have been described that are potentially relevant to efficient oxygen delivery. Potential new approaches to the management of the anaemic patient during critical illness have also been evaluated. This narrative review considers methodological issues relevant to understanding the critical care literature on anaemia. We summarize current understanding of the prevalence of anaemia during critical illness, specifically among patients in intensive care units (ICUs), and discuss the various factors that contribute to its development. We consider how red cell function may alter during critical illness and the possible clinical relevance of these changes. The treatment of anaemia is discussed, with particular emphasis on haemoglobin triggers for allogeneic red cell transfusions among critically ill patients, with reference to clinically important subgroups. The place of erythropoietin, an emerging therapy for anaemia in this setting, is considered and key future research questions identified. Definition of anaemia Anaemia is a haemoglobin concentration in blood that is below the expected value, when age, gender, pregnancy and certain environmental factors, such as altitude, are taken into account. Interpreting the critical care transfusion literature Anaemia is assessed by measuring the haemoglobin concentration or haematocrit. It therefore reflects the relationship between circulating red cell mass and the plasma volume. During critical illness, many factors can change acutely both these factors, such that the presence of anaemia needs to be interpreted in relation to concurrent therapy and pathophysiology. This detail is often unclear from large studies, because it is difficult to measure, expensive to collect, and classification in a manner that enables statistical analysis is difficult. Another major confounder to interpretation is transfusion practice. Prior to publication of the Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care (TRICC) trial there was wide variation in transfusion practice. Prevalence of anaemia during critical illness The prevalence of anaemia among critically ill patients is influenced by factors that include patient case mix, illnes

Implicit Self-Esteem as a Potential Link between Gender Identity Threat in Males and Attitudes towards Women in Managerial Positions

This experiment investigated the effects of male gender threat on implicit self-esteem, and how that in turn may influence prejudices towards women in managerial positions. The Self-Esteem Implicit Association Test (IAT) was administered to 82 male undergraduate students prior to and after a gender threat intervention using false results on a measure of gender roles. After the gender threat intervention and IAT, respondents answered the Women as Managers Scale. Results showed that participants who received the gender threat intervention did not show significant differences in attitudes toward women in managerial positions compared to participants who were randomly assigned to the group that did not receive the gender threat. However, there was a significant positive relationship within the overall sample between implicit self-esteem and positive attitudes towards women in managerial positions