The marginaliztion of women in the political participation process in Egypt

This article examines the current situation of women in the political participation process in Egypt while highlighting cultural, social, economic, political and legal restrictions that are preventing women from having a chance to be more politically involved

Narratives on Wheels: Mobility, Language, and Representation on Egyptian Roads

In this brief exploration, I try to look at a form of popular expression which is microbuses bumper stickers and to look more specifically at the statements printed on these stickers as a form of public expression, representation, and possibly resistance on the part of their agential producers--the vehicles\u27 drivers. I provide a preliminary content analysis for some of the statements I gathered, as well as look at the context of production and dissemination of these stickers. Finally, I try to argue for regarding these statements as a conscious mode of self-expression and self-representation for people otherwise thought of as silent, or at least incompetent of representing themselves--consequently must be represented, and controlled

Check list of plankton of the northern Red Sea

Qualitative estimation of phytoplankton and zooplankton of the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba were carried out from four sites: Sharm El-Sheikh, Taba, Hurghada and Safaga. A total of 106 species and varieties of phytoplankton were identified including 41 diatoms, 53 dinoflagellates, 10 cyanophytes and 2 chlorophytes. The highest number of species was recorded at Sharm El-Sheikh (46 spp), followed by Safaga (40 spp), Taba (30 spp), and Hurghada (23 spp). About 95 of the recorded species were previously mentioned by different authors in the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez. Eleven species are considered new to the Red Sea. About 115 species of zooplankton were recorded from the different sites. They were dominated by four main phyla namely: Arthropoda, Protozoa, Mollusca, and Urochordata. Sharm El-Sheikh contributed the highest number of species (91) followed by Safaga (47) and Taba (34). Hurghada contributed the least (26). Copepoda dominated the other groups at the four sites. The appearances of Spirulina platensis, Pediastrum simplex, and Oscillatoria spp. of phytoplankton in addition to the rotifer species and the protozoan Difflugia oblongata of zooplankton impart a characteristic feature of inland freshwater discharge due to wastewater dumping at sea in these regions resulting from the expansion of cities and hotels along the coast

The supraorbital keyhole approach for clipping of anterior circulation ruptured aneurysms

Introduction. The supraorbital approach has been demonstrated to be useful, particularly in minimization of brain retraction and exposure to air, decreases blood loss, surgical trauma, operative time and infection rates. While its shortcomings include   difficult control of frontal air sinus, narrower surgical view and limited exposure of sylvian fissure. Patients and methods. We retrospectively reviewed the files of patients who underwent clipping of anterior circulation aneurysms through the supraorbital keyhole approach at Neurosurgery Department, Mansoura University between Jan 2014 and May 2016. Results. Twenty-five consecutive patients harbouring aneurysm at anterior circulation underwent clipping through the supraorbital keyhole approach, sixteen A-com artery aneurysms and nine cases of ICA aneurysms Table 1 show the location of aneurysms. Eleven patients were males, and 14 were females. The ages ranged from 44 to 69 with a mean age of 61.9 years. All patients were presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to rupture of aneurysms in anterior circulation The Hunt and Hess grade was (1.50 ± 0.65) and Fisher grade was (1.67 ± 0.45). The average operative time was 3.32 ± 1.14 hours. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 16 months with a mean of 7 months Conclusion. Surgical clipping of some selected aneurysms of anterior circulation can be operated through minimally invasive supraorbital approach which minimize the dissection and retraction of the brain, reduce operative time and blood loss with small incision and good cosmetic results

Reaching women in Egypt: a success story

Women in Egypt are more likely than men to suffer from low vision or blindness from avoidable causes.1–3 This is, in large part, because women are not using eye care services as frequently as men, especially in rural areas.4–5 A 2002 community-based survey of 4,500 people in Al Minya Governorate, Upper Egypt showed that the prevalence of cataract in women was double that in men and that trachomatous trichiasis was four times as prevalent in women as in me

Growth Rate Evaluation of the Alcyonacean Soft Coral Sinularia polydactyla (Ehrenberg, 1834) at Hurghada, Northern Red Sea, Egypt

Growth rate of Sinularia polydactyla has been studied to determine the changes of surface area using 2D method as modified method for measuring growth increasing. The measurements indicate to that restricted and slow growth rates in the big samples under the variable oceanographic conditions. Summer recorded the highest rates of growth. The mean growth rate of the biggest colonies recorded 51.83±4.90mm2 while the small colonies recorded 20.8±6.25 mm2 in summer. On contrary, autumn showed the lowest and restricted rates during. The annual growth reached 116.28±10.57 and 33.78±12.45mm2/y in the big and small colonies respectively. The growth ratio in relation to the original colonies size appears to grow with a relatively faster ratio in the small colonies (9.73±1.62% with a range of 6.67-12.68%) than the elder one (5.79±0.34% with a range of 4.37-6.72%). The temperature changes, gonads and gametes maturation, sedimentation rates are major controlling factors affect the growth rates. ANOVA Bivariate correlation illustrated a positive relationship (without significant difference) between the growth and temperature (ºC) (at P=0.38 and R2=0.62). By comparing the present study and the available growth data of Sinularia sp., we found that, the annual growth of S. polydactyla is higher (116.28±10.57 - 33.78±12.45mm2/yr) than the previous studies. Keywords: Growth Rate Sinularia polydactyla, Hurghada, Red Se

Fixed bed adsorption of CO2, CH4, and N2 and their mixtures in potassium-exchanged binder-free beads of Y zeolite

The adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen (N2) has been studied on potassium-exchanged (95%) binder-free beads of Y zeolite through single, binary, and ternary fixed bed breakthrough experiments, covering the temperature range between 313 and 423 K and a pressure of up to 350 kPa. At 313 K and 350 kPa, the single-component data obtained showed that the amounts adsorbed of CO2, CH4, and N2 are around 6.42, 1.45, and 0.671 mol kg-1, respectively. The binary experiments CO2/N2 carried out under typical post-combustion conditions show a selectivity of CO2 over N2 around 104. The ternary experiments resulted in the selectivities of CO2 over CH4 and N2 around 19 and 45, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium data have been modeled by the dual-site Langmuir model, and the breakthrough experiments were numerically simulated with a suitable dynamic fixed bed adsorption model. The model predicts with good accuracy the systematic behavior of all breakthrough experiments. The results shown in the present work prove that the potassium-exchanged binder-free beads of Y zeolite enhance the amount adsorbed of CO2 at low partial pressure over other alkali metal-exchanged faujasites and efficiently separate it from binary (CO2/N2) and ternary (CO2/CH4/N2) mixtures by fixed bed adsorption.The authors thank the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and ERDF under Programme PT2020 to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019) and POCI-01-0145- FEDER006984-Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM. The authors also thank the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) under Programme PTDC 2020 * 3599-PPCDTI * Engenharia dos Processos Químicos project PTDC/EQUEPQ/0467/2020. Last, the authors thank the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) through the individual research grants SFRH/BD/148525/2019 for A.H. and DFA/BD/7925/2020 for L.F.A.S.Z.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Early versus Late Trophic Feeding: Effect on Health Status of Low Birth Weight Neonates

This study aimed to compare the effect of early versus late trophic feeding on the health status of low birth weight neonates. A comparative descriptive design was utilized on a convenience sample of one hundred low birth weight neonates, fifty of them for early group trophic feeding and the other fifty for late feeding. Sample was collected from two NICUs in Cairo University Hospitals from May 2013 till February 2014 to answer the research question” Does health status of low birth weight (LBW) neonates who start early trophic feeding better than those who started late trophic feeding?” Three tools were developed by researchers: socio-demographic data, nutritional recording sheet and observational check list for feeding tolerance signs and it filled by researchers daily for every neonate from admission till discharge. Results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the clinical and maternal characteristics of neonates in the two groups. The birth weight was increased significantly for early group than late in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week. Amount of parenteral nutrition, hospital stay significantly less in early compared to late feeding group; late group experienced a highly significance incidence of milk intolerance and infection signs in the first week only. The benefits of early trophic feeding shown by this study strongly support its use for the LBW neonates. Early trophic feeding must be encouraged for all low birth weight neonates were recommended. Keywords: Early, Late Trophic Feeding, Health Status, Low Birth Weight Neonate

Effect of gamma radiation on ultraviolet, visible and infrared studies of NiO, Cr2O3 and Fe2O3-doped alkali borate glasses

AbstractBorate glasses with basic composition xR2O.(100−x)B2O3 where R=Na, K, were colored by doping with one of transition metal ions Ni, Cr, Fe or doping with mixing of them. The effect of glass composition and gamma ray irradiation on the optical and infrared absorption spectra was studied and interpreted in terms of structural concepts. A resolution of the observed absorption spectra showed the existence of each transition metal ion in the possible coordination state according to the composition of the glass. The IR measurements reveal characteristic absorption bands due to various groups of triangular and tetrahedral borate network. The introduction of trace amounts of mixed dopants Cr2O3, Fe2O3 and NiO has no major effect on the structure of the studied glasses. The induced absorption spectra exhibit the characteristic absorption bands caused by the intrinsic base borate glass and the respective transition metal ions. The response of the doped glasses to gamma ray irradiation is assumed to be related to the formation and annihilation of the induced color centers