Operative treatment of orthopedic complications in upper limb in children and adults with cerebral palsy

Introduction The benefits of surgical treatment of orthopaedic complications in the upper limb caused by cerebral palsy have been debated by some researchers. Secondary complications developed due to muscle spasticity and retraction are a serious obstacle to a significant improvement in healthrelated quality of life of CP patients. Objective To explore outcomes of CP patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Russian Ilizarov Scientific Centre “Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics” between 2014 and 2016. Material and methods Total 23 operative interventions were produced for 21 patients aged from 11 to 36 years (mean age of 16.6 years) using an authors’ technique. We used integral scales of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS). Classification systems intended for differential evaluation of upper extremity motor and functional impairment included Van Heest’s deformity assessment test, the House upper extremity assessment test and Gshwind and Tonkin classification. Results Spastic diplegia was diagnosed in 6 cases including 4 GMFCS III and 2 GMFCS IV. Manual ability was assessed as MACS IV in 3 cases and MACS V in 3. Fifteen patients with hemiparethic spastic CP underwent surgical treatment of upper limbs. Manual ability was assessed as MACS III in 4 cases, MACS IV in 8 and MACS V in 3. The use of the limb by the House’s scale showed level 1 in 2, level 2 in 5, level 3 in 10 and level 4 in 6 cases. The Gschwind and Tonkin classification for pronated forearm revealed level 1 in1, level 2 in 8, level 3 in 10 and level 4 in 4 cases. There was correlation between an extent of pronation contracture and impaired function of the thumb. Improved functional abilities of the upper limb, the cosmetic appearance and comfort with the use were recorded in all the cases. Conclusion Results of multilevel interventions on upper limbs in CP patients allow us to conclude that differential approach to the choice of technique and extent of surgery to ensure efficacious surgical treatment

Wind waves in the North Atlantic from ship navigational radar: SeaVision development and its validation with the Spotter wave buoy and WaveWatch III

International audienceWind waves play an important role in the climate system, modulating the energy exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere and effecting ocean mixing. However, existing ship-based observational networks of wind waves are still sparse, limiting therefore the possibilities of validating satellite missions and model simulations. In this paper we present data collected on three research cruises in the North Atlantic and Arctic in 2020 and 2021 and the SeaVision system for measuring wind wave characteristics over the open ocean with a standard marine navigation X-band radar. Simultaneously with the SeaVision wind wave characteristic measurements, we also collected data from the Spotter wave buoy at the same locations, and we ran the WaveWatch III model in a very high-resolution configuration over the observational domain. SeaVision measurements were validated against co-located Spotter wave buoy data and intercompared with the output of WaveWatch III simulations. Observations of the wind waves with the navigation X-band radar were found to be in good agreement with buoy data and model simulations with the best match for the wave propagation directions. Supporting datasets consist of significant wave heights, wave directions, wave periods and wave energy frequency spectra derived from both SeaVision and the Spotter buoy. All supporting data are available through the PANGAEA repository - https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.939620 (Gavrikov et al., 2021). The dataset can be further used for validation of satellite missions and regional wave model experiments. Our study shows the potential of ship navigation X-band radars (when assembled with SeaVision or similar systems) for the development of a new near-global observational network providing a much larger number of wind wave observations compared to e.g. Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) data and research vessel campaigns