Influence of sex, source, health status and acclimation on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus (Burch,1822)

The influence of sex, source (pond and wild) acclimation and health status on some blood parameters of C. gariepinus was studied. There were no significant differences between the blood parameters (haemoglobin (Ht), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), red blood cells (RBC), RBC indices ( MCHC;, MCH: and MCV), white blood cells (WBC) and differential counts (neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils) of the males and females among the apparently healthy and sick group of fish under sex, source and acclimation. Differences in blood parameters in fish before and after acclimation were noted in the WBC (

Effect of Brief Exposure to Paraquat on Some Blood Parameters of Juvenile Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) under laboratory conditions

Clarias gariepinus (mean weight, 100.34 ± 8.13g SD; mean total length, 19.02 ± 4.32 cm SD) were exposed (four fish/tank) to 0, 1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 mgl-1 paraquat solution in triplicate in rectangular glass aquaria (60.9 x 30.4 x 30.4 cm3) under a static condition for 72 hours to determine the effect of exposure on the haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Ht), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), red blood cells (RBC) and its indices (mean corpuscular hacmoglobin, MCH; mean corpuscul or hacmoglobin concentration, MCHC and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)), differential counts (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils) and leucocrit. There were no significant differences between the Hb, Ht, RBC, ESR, lymphocytes, monocytes and MCV of exposed fish and the control (p>0.05). However, there was a gradual increase in the values of Hb with increase in the concentration of the herbicide. The RBC indices MCH and MCHC of fish in the control significantly differed from that of fish exposed to 2.50, and 1.25 mgl-1, and 2.50 mgl-1 paraquat (

EFFECTS OF ONION (Allium cepa) AND CHLORAMPHENICOL ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, HISTOPATHOLOGY AND SURVIVAL OF CATFISH Clarias gariepinus (burchell, 1822) SUB-ADULT INFECTED WITH Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial characteristics, immunostimulant ability and survival of P. aeruginosa infected Clarias gariepinus sub-adult exposed to chloramphenicol and Allium cepa (onion). Ninety Clarias gariepinus sub-adult fishes were used for the study. They were divided into three groups of thirty fishes each. The antibacterial efficacy of chloramphenicol and onion extract was screened against type culture of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 at 100%, 75% and 50% concentration using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using determined. P. aeruginosa infected fish were exposed to chloramphenicol and onion in vivo in prolonged bath treatment twice daily for 7 days. A total of six (6) experimental fish from the treatments were tested for their cellular immune response to P. aeruginosa and to the different treatment. Histological changes were evaluated before, after challenge and after treatment. Percentage survival was calculated by recording number of mortality. There was no significant (p> 0.05) difference in their susceptibility to the test bacteria. However, MIC for chloramphenicol and onion were greater than 50mg/ml and MBC of 50mg/ml was only obtained for onion. Haematological values of infected fish revealed significant (p0.05) changes were observed in all blood parameters among infected fish treated with chloramphenicol and A. cepa. Photomicrograph of damaged organs (gills, liver, and stomach) showed moderate regeneration of organs exposed to chlorampenicol and onion. Percentage survival was high in infected and treated experimental fish. Antibacterial potentials of onion can therefore be exploited as alternative in combating infections of P. aeruginosa in fish

In Vivo antimicrobial activities of Allium cepa on cultured adult Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

The design of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Allium cepa in cultured Clarias gariepinus. The proximate compositions and Mineral assay of whole A. cepa bulb and experimental diets were determined using standard methods. Microbial susceptibility assay was carried out in vitro on Staphloccocus aureus and Escherichia coli using Agar well diffusion. Bacterial isolation and identification from the different treatments and control was carried out according to standard methods. High moisture content (89.25 %) was recorded followed by carbohydrate (9.45%) and crude protein (7.21%). Experimental and control diets revealed 50 % and above crude protein content. In vitro susceptibility test of the various onion extracts and antibiotic shows susceptibility of the reference strains to the onion extracts. Bacterial isolation and identification showed the presence of pathogenic gram positive and negative coli and bacilli respectively. Results obtained for total fungi counts show the presence of both systemic and superficial fungi. Lower bacteria and fungi counts were observed 14 days after the withdrawal of experimental diets. Conclusively, onion can be used as antimicrobial agent in the culture of Clarias gariepinus

ENDO AND ECTO PARASITE PREVALENCE AND ABUNDANCE IN SOME FISH SPECIES FROM AKOMOJE, OGUN RIVER SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA

Parasites are the second most abundant microorganisms that infect and cause disease in wild and cultured fish after bacteria. The study investigated the parasite prevalence, abundance, mean intensity and dominance in some fresh water fish from Akomoje, Ogun River, Nigeria from February to May, 2016. Eight fish species were collected and identified to the species level. Experimental fish were measured and weighed. Endo- and ecto-parasites were examined for; from Skin/scale, dorsal and caudal fins, gills, intestine and stomach of fish. Water sample was collected from shore, mid and extreme of the landing site and also analysed for parasite abundance. Prevalence of parasite in all fish species varied slightly with size. Myxozoan group revealed the highest dominance of ecto- and endo-parasites in virtually all fish species while mean intensity and abundance of Myxozoan spp. was highest in Oreochromis niloticus and Hemichromis fasciatus. Highest case of a single species of ecto- and endo-parasite in a fish sample was that of Nematode larva in Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus (41.43 %) and Trichocerca sp. (Rotifera) in Mormyrus rume (52.9 %).Water analysis revealed three parasite groups that were present in the sampled fish. Conclusively, Akomoje landing site of Ogun River has a rich burden of parasites