Estudio y caracterización de roca sedimentaria Lutita de la laguna de Metztitlán-Eloxochitlán Hidalgo

A study and characterization of sedimentary rock from the shores of the Metztitlán lagoon was carried out. Located in Eloxochitlán town of Hidalgo state, Mexico. The morphology of the crystals was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), with a pseudopolygonal shape and crystallite size of 100 μm. By Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (EDS), microanalysis of chemical elements was performed. The average content of chemical elements in the sedimentary rock was C = 11.03%, O = 50.49%, Ca = 33.88%, Si = 3.63%, as the main ones. Which are present in the form of oxides, such as, CaO, SiO₂, MgO, Al₂O₃ and GaP. From these studies, it was possible to classify the sedimentary rock of an Impure Alloquímica composition, called dedrica, which is formed from sedimentation with an environmental alteration, characteristic of the land. By X-Ray Poweder Diffraction (XRD), the mineralogical phases of Alunite KAl₃ (SO⁴)(OH)₆, Cristobalite, Kaolinite Al₂Si₂O₅ and CaCO₃were determined.A study and characterization of sedimentary rock from the shores of the Metztitlán lagoon was carried out. Located in Eloxochitlán town of Hidalgo state, Mexico. The morphology of the crystals was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), with a pseudopolygonal shape and crystallite size of 100 μm. By Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (EDS), microanalysis of chemical elements was performed. The average content of chemical elements in the sedimentary rock was C = 11.03%, O = 50.49%, Ca = 33.88%, Si = 3.63%, as the main ones. Which are present in the form of oxides, such as, CaO, SiO₂, MgO, Al₂O₃ and GaP. From these studies, it was possible to classify the sedimentary rock of an Impure Alloquímica composition, called dedrica, which is formed from sedimentation with an environmental alteration, characteristic of the land. By X-Ray Poweder Diffraction (XRD), the mineralogical phases of Alunite KAl₃ (SO⁴)(OH)₆, Cristobalite, Kaolinite Al₂Si₂O₅ and CaCO₃were determined

Cave macroinvertebrates used as bioindicators of water quality

Galindo-Pérez, E. J., Chávez-Sandoval, B. E., Espinoza- Graciano, E., Flores-Martínez, M. C., Villeda-Callejas, M. P., Bhalli, J. A., Tejocote-Pérez, M., & García-Franco, F. (September-October, 2017). Cave macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8(5), 5-17. Caves are very fragile systems which are influenced by specific biogeographic and ecological patterns that maintain unique species of fauna, flora, and microbiota. One cave species, macroinvertebrates, represents a heterogeneous group of animal taxa which is in constant danger of extinction, principally due to anthropogenic activities. Macroinvertebrates have been widely used as bioindicators of the quality of biogeographic zones, ecosystems, and protected areas, as well as to determine protected species. The Boca del Río Cave is located in the biogeographic transition zone in Mexico’s Neotropical region, and is home to a large enclave of different biotic elements. Twenty-nine organisms were collected and grouped into 19 families based on their morphological and physiological characteristics. The coefficient of taxonomic work (CTW) indicates that the taxonomic level family is the most consistent for all of the organisms collected. The Coenagronidae family was the most abundant in the study. The BMWP, ASPT, and SCI biotic index scores indicate that the water in the Boca del Río Cave is slightly contaminated, while the Family Biotic Index (FBI) indicates poor water quality with very substantial organic pollution. The diversity of macroinvertebrate families confirms that the Boca del Río Cave serves as an important refuge for fauna in the transition zone located in Mexico’s Nearctic biogeographic region. This report represents the first study to use bioindicators to analyze the water quality of a cave system, and contributes to the inventories of macroinvertebrate cave fauna