537 research outputs found
Globalization of twisted partial actions
Let A be a unital ring which is a product of possibly infinitely many
indecomposable rings. We establish criteria for the existence of a
globalization for a given twisted partial action of a group on A. If the
globalization exists, it is unique up to a certain equivalence relation and,
moreover, the crossed product corresponding to the twisted partial action is
Morita equivalent to that corresponding to its globalization. For arbitrary
unital rings the globalization problem is reduced to an extendibility property
of the multipliers involved in the twisted partial action.Comment: 27 pages. To appear in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc
Crossed products by twisted partial actions and graded algebras
For a twisted partial action \Theta of a group G on an (associative
non-necessarily unital) algebra A over a commutative unital ring k, the crossed
product A X_\Theta G is proved to be associative. Given a G-graded k-algebra B
= \oplus_{g\in G}\B_g with the mild restriction of homogeneous non-degeneracy,
a criteria is established for B to be isomorphic to the crossed product B_1
X_\Theta G for some twisted partial action of G on B_1. The equality
B_g\B_{g^{-1}}B_g = \B_g for all g\in G is one of the ingredients of the
criteria, and if it holds and, moreover, B has enough local units, then it is
shown that B is stably isomorphic to a crossed product by a twisted partial
action of G.Comment: 38 pages, no figure
C*-algebras associated with endomorphisms and polymorphisms of compact abelian groups
A surjective endomorphism or, more generally, a polymorphism in the sense of
\cite{SV}, of a compact abelian group induces a transformation of .
We study the C*-algebra generated by this operator together with the algebra of
continuous functions which acts as multiplication operators on .
Under a natural condition on the endo- or polymorphism, this algebra is simple
and can be described by generators and relations. In the case of an
endomorphism it is always purely infinite, while for a polymorphism in the
class we consider, it is either purely infinite or has a unique trace. We prove
a formula allowing to determine the -theory of these algebras and use it to
compute the -groups in a number of interesting examples.Comment: 25 page
Twisted partial actions of Hopf algebras
In this work, the notion of a twisted partial Hopf action is introduced as a
unified approach for twisted partial group actions, partial Hopf actions and
twisted actions of Hopf algebras. The conditions on partial cocycles are
established in order to construct partial crossed products, which are also
related to partially cleft extensions of algebras. Examples are elaborated
using algebraic groups
On C*-algebras related to constrained representations of a free group
We consider representations of the free group on two generators such
that the norm of the sum of the generators and their inverses is bounded by
. These -constrained representations determine a C*-algebra
for each . We prove that these C*-algebras form a
continuous bundle of C*-algebras over and calculate their K-groups.Comment: 9 page
Inverse semigroup actions as groupoid actions
To an inverse semigroup, we associate an \'etale groupoid such that its
actions on topological spaces are equivalent to actions of the inverse
semigroup. Both the object and the arrow space of this groupoid are
non-Hausdorff. We show that this construction provides an adjoint functor to
the functor that maps a groupoid to its inverse semigroup of bisections, where
we turn \'etale groupoids into a category using algebraic morphisms. We also
discuss how to recover a groupoid from this inverse semigroup.Comment: Corrected a typo in Lemma 2.14 in the published versio
The impact of losses in income due to ill health: does the EQ-5D reflect lost earnings?
Two key questions in the context of UK health policy are: do the published preference indices for EQ-5D reflect the impact of lost earnings? Are we currently implicitly including indirect costs in our analyses? It is crucial to investigate whether or not individuals take into account any possible impact of lost income in health state valuation exercises. If respondents do consider income effects, and these considerations change valuations, then these effects would need to be excluded both under the current NICE reference case, or where productivity costs are included in the numerator to avoid double counting. This study adapts the study design used to generate population value sets for EQ-5D, as first used in the Measurement and Valuation of Health (MVH) Study, and carries out valuations of hypothetical EQ-5D states using Time Trade Off (TTO) exercises through an online survey administered in the Netherlands. Furthermore, this study uses a number of different TTO questions to explore the impact of losses in income on the valuation of hypothetical health states, and to determine the relationship between income and health.EQ-5D; time trade-off; health-related loss of income
Measuring the value of life: Exploring a new method for deriving the monetary value of a QALY
Economic evaluations of new health technologies now typically produce an incremental cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) value. The QALY is a measure of health benefit that combines length of life with quality of life, where quality of life is assessed on a scale where zero represents a health state equivalent to being dead and one represents full health. The challenge for decision makers, such as the Treasury, is to determine the appropriate size of the healthcare budget. Bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellent (NICE) in the U.K. must then determine how much they can afford to pay for a gain of one QALY, while operating under this fixed budget. While there is no fixed cost-effectiveness threshold and each intervention is assessed on a case by case basis, under normal circumstances the threshold will not be below £20,000 and not above £30,000 per QALY.
Recent research has sought to determine the monetary value individuals place on a QALY to inform the size of the healthcare budget and the level of the cost-effectiveness threshold. This research has predominantly used Willingness to Pay (WTP) approaches. However, WTP has a number of known problems, most notably its insensitivity to scope. In this paper we present an alternative approach to estimating the monetary value of a QALY (MVQ), which is based upon a Time Trade Off (TTO) exercise of income with health held constant at perfect health. We present the methods and theory underlying this experimental approach and some results from an online feasibility study in the Netherlands
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