262 research outputs found

    Workers\u27 Compensation Law

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    The ISO long-wavelength spectrometer

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    The Long-Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) is one of two complementary spectrometers aboard the European Space Agency's Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) (Kessler et al., 1996A&A...315L..49D). It operates over the wavelength range 43-196.9ÎŒm at either medium (about 150 to 200) or high (6800 to 9700) spectral resolving power. This Letter describes the instrument and its modes of operation; a companion paper (Swinyard et al, 1996) describes its performance and calibration

    Measurement of the Double-Differential Muon-neutrino Charged-Current Inclusive Cross Section in the NOvA Near Detector

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    We report cross-section measurements of the final-state muon kinematics for \numu charged-current interactions in the NOvA near detector using an accumulated 8.09×1020\times10^{20} protons-on-target (POT) in the NuMI beam. We present the results as a double-differential cross section in the observed outgoing muon energy and angle, as well as single-differential cross sections in the derived neutrino energy, EÎœE_\nu, and square of the four-momentum transfer, Q2Q^2. We compare the results to inclusive cross-section predictions from various neutrino event generators via χ2\chi^2 calculations using a covariance matrix that accounts for bin-to-bin correlations of systematic uncertainties. These comparisons show a clear discrepancy between the data and each of the tested predictions at forward muon angle and low Q2Q^2, indicating a missing suppression of the cross section in current neutrino-nucleus scattering models

    Seasonal Variation of Multiple-Muon Cosmic Ray Air Showers Observed in the NOvA Detector on the Surface

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    We report the rate of cosmic ray air showers with multiplicities exceeding 15 muon tracks recorded in the NOvA Far Detector between May 2016 and May 2018. The detector is located on the surface under an overburden of 3.6 meters water equivalent. We observe a seasonal dependence in the rate of multiple-muon showers, which varies in magnitude with multiplicity and zenith angle. During this period, the effective atmospheric temperature and surface pressure ranged between 210 K to 230 K and 940mbar to 990mbar, respectively; the shower rates are anti-correlated with the variation in the effective temperature. The variations are about 30% larger for the highest multiplicities than the lowest multiplicities and 20% larger for showers near the horizon than vertical showers

    Extended search for supernova-like neutrinos in NOvA coincident with LIGO/Virgo detections

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    A search is performed for supernova-like neutrino interactions coincident with 76 gravitational wave events detected by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration. For 40 of these events, full readout of the time around the gravitational wave is available from the NOvA Far Detector. For these events, we set limits on the fluence of the sum of all neutrino flavors of F<7(4)×1010cm−2F < 7(4)\times 10^{10}\mathrm{cm}^{-2} at 90% C.L. assuming energy and time distributions corresponding to the Garching supernova models with masses 9.6(27)M⊙\mathrm{M}_\odot. Under the hypothesis that any given gravitational wave event was caused by a supernova, this corresponds to a distance of r>29(50)r > 29(50)kpc at 90% C.L. Weaker limits are set for other gravitational wave events with partial Far Detector data and/or Near Detector data.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

    An Improved Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation Parameters by the NOvA Experiment

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    We present new ΜΌ→Μe\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e, ΜΌ→ΜΌ\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_\mu, Μ‟Ό→Μ‟e\overline{\nu}_\mu\rightarrow\overline{\nu}_e, and Μ‟Ό→Μ‟Ό\overline{\nu}_\mu\rightarrow\overline{\nu}_\mu oscillation measurements by the NOvA experiment, with a 50% increase in neutrino-mode beam exposure over the previously reported results. The additional data, combined with previously published neutrino and antineutrino data, are all analyzed using improved techniques and simulations. A joint fit to the Îœe\nu_e, ΜΌ\nu_\mu, Μ‟e\overline{\nu}_e, and Μ‟Ό\overline{\nu}_\mu candidate samples within the 3-flavor neutrino oscillation framework continues to yield a best-fit point in the normal mass ordering and the upper octant of the Ξ23\theta_{23} mixing angle, with Δm322=(2.41±0.07)×10−3\Delta m^{2}_{32} = (2.41\pm0.07)\times 10^{-3} eV2^2 and sin⁥2Ξ23=0.57−0.04+0.03\sin^2\theta_{23} = 0.57^{+0.03}_{-0.04}. The data disfavor combinations of oscillation parameters that give rise to a large asymmetry in the rates of Îœe\nu_e and Μ‟e\overline{\nu}_e appearance. This includes values of the CP-violating phase in the vicinity of ÎŽCP=π/2\delta_\text{CP} = \pi/2 which are excluded by >3σ>3\sigma for the inverted mass ordering, and values around ÎŽCP=3π/2\delta_\text{CP} = 3\pi/2 in the normal ordering which are disfavored at 2σ\sigma confidence.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. Supplementary material attached (7 figures

    Measurement of the Îœe−\nu_e-Nucleus Charged-Current Double-Differential Cross Section at <EÎœ>=\left< E_{\nu} \right> = 2.4 GeV using NOvA

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    The inclusive electron neutrino charged-current cross section is measured in the NOvA near detector using 8.02×10208.02\times10^{20} protons-on-target (POT) in the NuMI beam. The sample of GeV electron neutrino interactions is the largest analyzed to date and is limited by ≃\simeq 17\% systematic rather than the ≃\simeq 7.4\% statistical uncertainties. The double-differential cross section in final-state electron energy and angle is presented for the first time, together with the single-differential dependence on Q2Q^{2} (squared four-momentum transfer) and energy, in the range 1 GeV ≀EÎœ< \leq E_{\nu} < 6 GeV. Detailed comparisons are made to the predictions of the GENIE, GiBUU, NEUT, and NuWro neutrino event generators. The data do not strongly favor a model over the others consistently across all three cross sections measured, though some models have especially good or poor agreement in the single differential cross section vs. Q2Q^{2}

    Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector

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    Measurements of electrons from Îœe\nu_e interactions are crucial for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection, and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectrum is derived and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50~MeV. These results are used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to reconstruct low-energy electrons.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

    Low exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity of the DUNE experiment

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    The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE's sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-years (kt-MW-yr). The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a 3σ\sigma (5σ\sigma) level, with a 66 (100) kt-MW-yr far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of other oscillation parameters. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make a robust measurement of CPV at a 3σ\sigma level with a 100 kt-MW-yr exposure for the maximally CP-violating values \delta_{\rm CP}} = \pm\pi/2. Additionally, the dependence of DUNE's sensitivity on the exposure taken in neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal when considered over the entire space of interest
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