Recovery of phytochemicals (having antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics) from local plants

Thesis (Doctoral)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Chemical Engineering, Izmir, 2010Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 174-185)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxix, 245 leavesThe objective of the present work was to assess the selective isolation of polyphenols from olive leaf and grape skin, which are supplied from the main local plants. The effects of extraction conditions on the types and amounts of polyphenolic compounds and selective separation of them by adsorption were investigated. The batch adsorption and dynamic column studies were performed by silk fibroin and clinoptilolite. Kinetic models were used to determine the mechanism of adsorption. Dynamic column models were applied to optimize the operating parameters. The biological activities of isolated fractions from the crude extracts were determined by analyzing their antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Recovered trans-resveratrol significantly inhibited all pathogenic microorganisms. However, higher concentration of grape skin crude extract is required to achieve same inhibition. Although grape skin extract did not have any effect on prostate and breast cancer cells, trans-resveratrol has very significant inhibition effect

Antioxidative and antimicrobial screening of 19 commercial essential oils in Turkey

1st International Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Conference on Culinary Herbs, Antalya, Turkey, 30 April 2009Plant oils have been used for wide variety purposes for many years in Turkey. These essential oils have usage in many areas such as perfumery, cosmetic, food flavoring and folkloric medicine. In the study, 19 commercial essential oils were studied by means of antibacterial and antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial test was performed against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae and E. coli using standard disc diffusion method. Penicillin, gentamicin and vancomycin discs were also included. Inhibition zones (mm) were recorded to indicate antibacterial property. Penicillin (44 mm) and vancomycin (14 mm) could inhibit only S. aureus. Except essential oils of Juniperus nana (Ardiç), Ocimum basilicum (Feslegen), Urtica dioica (Isirgan), Foeniculum vulgare (Rezene) ressential oils indicated antimicrobial activity against some of the test microorganims. The most active essential oil was found as Thymus serpyllum (Kekik). It indicated highest inhibition zones for other microorganisms among others. Antioxidant capacities were measured using photochemiluminescence (PCL) method. The highest antioxidant activity was measured for Dianthus caryophyllus (Karanfil) as 547.781 103 ug trolox/mL of oil. It was followed by Thymus serpyllum (Kekik), Lilium candidum (Zambak) and Matricaria chamomilla (Papatya). Especially, Thymus serpyllum and Dianthus caryophyllus have significant antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity therefore it could be suggested for further investigations and applications

Adsorption of olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) antioxidants on silk fibroin

The adsorption isotherms of oleuropein and rutin were evaluated at different temperatures, pH values, and solid/liquid ratios. The experimental data of adsorption isotherms were well fitted to a Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities were determined as 108 mg of oleuropein/g of silk fibroin and 21 mg of rutin/g of silk fibroin. After adsorption of oleuropein and rutin, the antioxidant capacity of silk fibroin increased from 1.93 to 3.61 mmol of TEAC/g. Silk fibroin also gained antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae after adsorption of olive leaf antioxidants. In a desorption process, 81% of rutin and 85% of oleuropein were removed from the adsorbent surface in 70% aqueous ethanol solution. Consequently, silk fibroin was found to be a promising biomaterial for the production of functional food or dietary supplements and for the purification of oleuropein and rutin from olive leaf extracts

Recovery of phytochemicals (having antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics) from local plants

Thesis (Doctoral)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Chemical Engineering, Izmir, 2010Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 174-185)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxix, 245 leavesThe objective of the present work was to assess the selective isolation of polyphenols from olive leaf and grape skin, which are supplied from the main local plants. The effects of extraction conditions on the types and amounts of polyphenolic compounds and selective separation of them by adsorption were investigated. The batch adsorption and dynamic column studies were performed by silk fibroin and clinoptilolite. Kinetic models were used to determine the mechanism of adsorption. Dynamic column models were applied to optimize the operating parameters. The biological activities of isolated fractions from the crude extracts were determined by analyzing their antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Recovered trans-resveratrol significantly inhibited all pathogenic microorganisms. However, higher concentration of grape skin crude extract is required to achieve same inhibition. Although grape skin extract did not have any effect on prostate and breast cancer cells, trans-resveratrol has very significant inhibition effect

(Bayat Ekmek Ve Ekşi Yoğurt Gibi Gida Atiklarindanmonascus Pigmenti Üretimi: Kiyaslamali Kinetikanalizleri)

Gıda endüstrisinin en önemli katkı bileşenlerinden bir tanesi renklendiricilerdir. Sentetik renklendiricilerin zararlı etkileri ile gıdalarda doğal olan renklendiriciler tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Monascus purpures'un ürünü olan pigmentinin çeşitli gıda atıklarının kullanılarak üretiminin incelenmesi ve kıyaslanmasıdır. Verim, pigment profili ve Monascus metabolitleri açısından M.purpureus' un üreme parametreleri tanımlı ve kompleks ortamlarda 14 gün boyunca izlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, gıda atıklarından süt ürünlerinin ve bayat ekmeklerin M.purpureus ile pigment üretimi için ekonomik bir substrat olabileceğini göstermiştir.Colorants are one of the most important additives in food industry. Preference of natural colorants has become highly concerned compounds since many studies have indicated the harmful effect of synthetic colorants. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the pigment production yield of Monascus purpureus from different food residues. Growth parameters of M.purpureus were followed during 14 days for the responses of yield, pigment profile and Monascus metabolites. Results indicated that dairy residues and stale bread could be economic, efficient and easily available substrate for M.purpureus pigment production

Physical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of chitosan films incorporated with thyme oil for potential wound healing applications

Chitosan films incorporated with thyme oil for potential applications of wound dressing were successfully prepared by solvent casting method. The water vapor permeability, oxygen transmission rate, and mechanical properties of the films were determined. Surface and cross-section morphologies and the film thicknesses were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was conducted to determine functional group interactions between the chitosan and thyme oil. Thermal behaviors of the films were analyzed by Thermal Gravimetry (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the antimicrobial and the antioxidant activities of the films were investigated. The antimicrobial test was carried by agar diffusion method and the growth inhibition effects of the films including different amount of thyme oil were tested on the gram negative microorganisms of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a gram positive microorganism of Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum thyme oil concentration in chitosan films showing the antimicrobial activity on all microorganisms used in the study was found as 1.2 % (v/v). In addition, this concentration showed the highest antioxidant activity due to mainly the carvacrol in thyme oil. Water vapor permeability and oxygen transmission rate of the films slightly increased, however, mechanical properties decreased with thyme oil incorporation. The results revealed that the thyme oil has a good potential to be incorporated into chitosan to make antibacterial and permeable films for wound healing applications. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Recovery of proanthocyanidin from waste of Turkish traditional product, pekmez (molasses)

The possibility of recovering of proanthocyanidin (PA) from the by-product of Turkish traditional product pekmez (molasses) industry, one of the agro industries, was investigated. In order to obtain optimum extraction conditions, the effects of different solvents and their aqueous forms were studied and the highest PA concentration was achieved as 31 (±0.68)g/L with acetone/water (30: 70, v/v) solution. The correlations between phenolic contents, PA concentrations and antioxidant capacities were shown. Antioxidant capacities of extracts were determined and the comparison of them with synthetic and commercial antioxidants was performed. The antioxidant capacity of PA extract from grape seed of molasses pomace was 93 (±1.43) TEAC values, which was relatively high compared with those of the synthetic antioxidants. Silk fibroin was used as a novel adsorbent to recover the PA from the grape seed extracts. Effect of parameters such as, solid-liquid ratio, pH and initial concentration of PA on the recovery performance was investigated. All parameters were found statistically significant parameters (P < 0.005) and the best adsorption conditions were found to be pH 5.5, initial concentration as 10 g/ml and solid-liquid ratio as 0.1 g/ml, which yielded the maximum percentage of adsorbed PA amount as 85.2%.Turkish State Planning Organization (2002 K 120390) and Natural Products Research Development Unit (NPRDU/DUAG-001

Characterization and recovery of tartaric acid from wastes of wine and grape juice industries

Tartaric acid is mainly used in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries. In this study, the waste samples, which contain tartaric acid, from the wastes of wine and grape juice industries were characterized by using TG, DSC, FTIR and XRD techniques. HPLC was used to determine tartaric acid content of samples. The decomposition temperatures of waste samples were found to be relatively higher compared with that of pure tartaric acid. This difference in decomposition temperatures was attributed to the presence of potassium tartrate since high potassium content was detected with ICP-AES.Kuzenler Export & Import Ltd. Co