DEBATS : Discussion sur les Effets du Bruit des Aéronefs Touchant la Santé.

Atelier « air, bruit et santé » de la concertation préalable Terminal T4 - Roissy Charles de Gaulle, PARIS, FRANCE, 29-/04/2019 - 29/04/2019Présentation des premiers résultats de DEBATS à l'Atelier « air, bruit et santé » de la concertation préalable Terminal T4 - Roissy Charles de Gaulle. Maison de l'Environnement de l'aéroport Roissy-CDG (France), 29 avril 2019

The effects of annoyance due to aircraft noise on psychological distress: Results of the DEBATS study in France

European Congress of Epidemiology 2018, LYON, FRANCE, 04-/07/2018 - 06/07/2018Background : Many studies have evidenced adverse effects of exposure to aircraft noise on health, such as annoyance, sleep disturbance, cardiovascular diseases or altered cognitive performance. Mental health has been less investigated. In France, about 18% of the population suffer from mental disorders. The effects of noise annoyance on psychological distress have rarely been evaluated, and no study exists in France. We investigated associations between annoyance due to aircraft noise and psychological distress for people living near airports in France. Methods : The DEBATS longitudinal study included 1,244 residents around three French airports: Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle, Toulouse-Blagnac, and Lyon-Saint-Exupéry. Information about psychological distress was assessed by a face-to-face questionnaire, including a single question about the feeling of depression, and the 12-version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Annoyance due to aircraft noise was assessed with the following question 'Thinking about the last 12 months, when you are at home, how much does aircraft noise annoy you?' The five-point verbal scale proposed by the International Commission on the Biological Effects of Noise was used: extremely, very, moderately, slightly or not at all. Associations with psychological distress were investigated using logistic regressions including relevant confounders such as gender, age, country of birth, occupational activity, marital status, alcohol consumption, smoking, sleep duration, number of stressful life events, education, income, and antidepressant use. Results : About 13% of the participants reported depression and 22% were considered to have psychological distress according to the GHQ-12. Significant associations were found between annoyance due to aircraft noise and the feeling of depression, and between annoyance due to aircraft noise and psychological distress evaluated with the GHQ-12. The Odds Ratio (OR) for the feeling of depression ranged from 0.89 (95% CI 0.50-1.59) to 2.61 (95% CI 1.09-6.23). The OR for the GHQ-12 ranged from 1.49 (95% CI 0.94-2.39) to 3.64 (95% CI 1.70-7.78). For the both outcomes, OR reached the maximum estimate for people reporting to be extremely annoyed compared to those who are not at all annoyed. Discussion : The present study found significant associations between annoyance due to aircraft noise and psychological distress assessed both with a single question about the feeling of depression and with the GHQ-12, with gradual ORs according to the different categories of noise annoyance. This result is in line with the findings of a cross-sectional study performed in Minneapolis. However the direction of the association can be questioned. Extremely annoyed people might be more at risk to have psychological disorders, and it is also possible that people with psychological disorders might be more at risk to be annoyed

Introduction

“(...) -a lonely planet but a crowded stage”. Victor Alneng (2002 : 127) Depuis plusieurs décennies, on assiste un peu partout dans le monde à un développement sans précédent de la mobilité touristique impliquant des flux à la fois humains, techniques, financiers et culturels. Longtemps, deux attitudes ont prévalu au sein des sciences sociales, notamment francophones, à l’égard de ce phénomène. La première considérait le tourisme comme un objet mineur, sinon trivial; la seconde y voyait la si..

Performance of a Nonelectric Infant Warmer in Rwandan Health Centers.

Background. Neonatal hypothermia remains a challenge in resource-limited settings. Methods. We conducted a prospective mixed-methods cohort study in rural Rwandan health centers to assess the performance of an infant warmer we designed for low-resource settings. All hypothermic infants were eligible for enrollment. Outcomes. Safety: incidence of adverse reactions. Effectiveness: attainment of euthermia, rate of temperature rise. Feasibility: correct use of warmer, signs of wear. Interviews of caregivers and nurses. Findings. Of 102 encounters, there were no adverse reactions. Of 80 encounters for hypothermia when infants on warmer for ≥1 hour, 79 achieved euthermia; 73 in ≤2 hours. Of the 80 encounters, 64 had temperature rise ≥0.5°C/h. Of the 102 encounters, there were no instances of the warmer being prepared, used, or cleaned incorrectly. Five out of the 12 warmers exhibited wear. Interview participants were predominantly positive; some found time for readiness of warmer challenging. Interpretation. The warmer performed well. It is appropriate to study in larger scale

Communication d'un savoir scientifique en classe De la verbalisation au concept d'équilibre chimique

Cet article présente deux outils visant à décrire et à analyser le discours oral d'un enseignant en situation didactique. L'étude porte sur trois professeurs de sciences du lycée, en Belgique francophone, introduisant le concept d'équilibre chimique. La première approche développée consiste en un repérage et un comptage des termes utilisés dans le discours, la seconde en une représentation schématique d'associations de termes réalisées par chaque enseignant face à des élèves de 16 à 17 ans

The Butcher-Oemler Effect at Moderate Redshift

We present the results of Butcher-Oemler-style analysis of three moderate- redshift (0.1<z<0.2) clusters which have bimodal X-ray surface brightness profiles. We find that at least two of these clusters exhibit unusually high fractions of blue galaxies as compared to clusters at comparable redshifts studied by Butcher and Oemler (1984). This implies that star formation is occurring in a high fraction of the galaxies in the two clusters. Our results are consistent with hierarchical clustering models in which subcluster- subcluster mergers create shocks in the intracluster medium. The shocks, in turn, induce simultaneous starbursts in a large fraction of cluster galaxies. Our study therefore lends weight to the hypothesis that the Butcher-Oemler effect is an environmental, as well as evolutionary, phenomenon.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in A