NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Percep??o de discentes de educa??o f?sica sobre a imagem corporal de mulheres adultas.

O objetivo foi verificar o n?vel de percep??o subjetiva de discentes ingressantes e concluintes do curso de Educa??o F?sica da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto sobre a imagem corporal, massa corporal e percentual de gordura de mulheres adultas. Participaram do estudo 26 discentes, de ambos os sexos (25,0 ? 6,6 anos), matriculados no curso de Bacharelado em Educa??o F?sica; e dez volunt?rias (23,5? 4,4 anos) n?o estudantes do curso de Educa??o F?sica. As dez volunt?rias atuaram como modelos para obten??o de fotografias de corpo inteiro e tiveram medidas a massa corporal e o percentual de gordura estimado. Os discentes de Educa??o F?sica, a partir das fotografias das modelos, estimaram a imagem corporal, massa corporal e o percentual de gordura das volunt?rias. Nossos resultados mostraram que discentes ingressantes e concluintes tiveram percep??o semelhante entre eles sobre a imagem corporal, massa corporal e percentual de gordura, avaliados a partir das fotografias das modelos. Por?m os valores de massa corporal medidos nas mesmas foram menores do que os indicados pelos discentes. Acreditase que o processo de forma??o no curso deEduca??o F?sica por si s?, n?o influencia na percep??o da imagem corporal, massa corporal e percentual de gordura de mulheres adultas.The objective of the present study was to verify the level of subjective perception of freshmen and veteran students of the Physical Education course of the Federal University of Ouro Preto on body image, body mass and body fat of adult women. Twenty-six students of both sexes (25.0 ? 6.6 years) enrolled in the bachelor?s degree in Physical Education participated in the study; and ten women (23.5 ? 4.4 years), not students of the Physical Education course. The ten volunteers acted asmodels to obtain full body photographs and had measured body mass and body fat. Thestudents of Physical Education, based on the photograph of the models, estimated the body image, body mass and body fat of the women. Our results showed that freshmen and veteran students had similar perceptions of body image, body mass and body fat evaluated from photographs. However, the values of body mass measured in those women were smaller than those indicated by the students. It is believed that the graduate process in the Physical Education course alone does not influence the perception of body image, body mass and body fat of adult women

Attenuated Nephritis in Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout C57BL/6 Mice and Pulmonary Hemorrhage in CB17 SCID and Recombination Activating Gene 1 Knockout C57BL/6 Mice Infected with Leptospira interrogans ▿

The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in mice unable to produce functional B and T lymphocytes and to explore the effect of an inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (Inos) knockout (KO) on the frequency/severity of interstitial nephritis in vivo. We studied the outcome of infection by the virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain Cop. The animals used were Inos KO mice, recombination activating gene 1 (Rag1) KO mice, CB17 severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, and the respective wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and BALB/c controls. The Inos KO and WT mice survived with no clinical symptoms of leptospirosis. The frequency and severity of nephritis was significantly lower in the Inos KO mice. All of the Rag1 KO and SCID animals died of acute leptospirosis, whereas all of the WT mice survived. PH was observed in 57 and 94% of Rag1 KO mice and in 83 and 100% of SCID mice, using inoculum doses of 107 and 106 leptospires, respectively. There was no evidence of PH in the WT controls. In conclusion, the loss of the Inos gene had a negligible effect on the outcome of leptospiral infection, although we observed a reduced susceptibility for interstitial nephritis in this group. Of note, the absence of functional B- and T-cell lymphocytes did not preclude the occurrence of PH. These data provide evidence that PH in leptospirosis may not be related only to autoimmune mechanisms