When individual child psychotherapy exacerbates family systems problems in child abuse cases : a clinical analysis

Children who have suffered physical or sexual abuse are as vulnerable as adult trauma victims to experience "secondary trauma", in which the reactions of the family or broader system exacerbate the child's difficulties. Three clinical cases (a 7 yr old male, an 8 yr old male, and a 7 yr old female) are presented that suggest that this secondary trauma can be made worse by either excessive or insufficient provision of individual child psychotherapy, and the way the system interprets and reacts to these clinical decisions. Types of secondary trauma and their interactions with clinical decisions are discussed. Ways of framing clinical decisions to minimize the potential secondary trauma are presented

香港建築節能的最新動態和分析

Competing finite element methods exist for modeling fluid-solid interaction such as velocity Potential and displacement, (ϕf,u⃗ s) pressure and displacement, (pf,u⃗ s) , and displacement and displacement or displacement-only, (u⃗ f,u⃗ s) 1. Displacement-only finite element models for fluid-solid interaction are attractive because a model for a compressible, inviscid fluid is obtained from a model of a linear, homogeneous and isotropic (LHI) elastic solid by simply setting the elastic shear modulus, G 8, equal to zero; therefore, existing elastodynamic codes can be utilized for modeling fluids