Demographic and Clinical Characteristics.

<p>Demographic and Clinical Characteristics.</p

Multiple linear regression in association between ocular biometric parameters, retinal vascular caliber and retinal fractal dimension.

<p>Multiple linear regression in association between ocular biometric parameters, retinal vascular caliber and retinal fractal dimension.</p

Ocular Parameters.

<p>Ocular Parameters.</p

Studies of the association of ocular biometry with retinal vascular caliber.

<p>Studies of the association of ocular biometry with retinal vascular caliber.</p

Fundus photo centered on the optic disc in Singapore I Vessel Assessment (SIVA) software.

<p>Panel A shows an example of a digital fundus photo pre-processing. Panel B shows a screenshot of the SIVA system. All retinal vessels greater than 25 um in diameter located between one-half to two disc diameters from the optic disc margin (i.e. in Zone C) are outlined and their edges marked using a pixel density histogram. The retinal arterioles are outlined in red, while the venules are outlined in blue. In Panel C, the green lines overlying the segment of a vessel are referred to as ‘covers’. A minimum of 5 covers are needed; based on these, the software will then provide an average of the mean retinal arteriolar and venular calibers.</p

Diagrammatic illustration of branching coefficient.

<p>A portion of the retinal arteriole nasal to the disc is shown, pre (panel A) and post-processing (panel B) by SIVA. Branching coefficient (BC) is calculated as , where S is the root, or main segment of vessel, and S₁ and S₂ are its branches. Note the relative thicknesses of the main segment of the vessel compared to its branches, as artificially illustrated in panel C and D. A higher BC reflects similarly sized vessel diameters between the main vessel and its branches (panel C), while a lower BC is related to a decrease in the diameters of the branches compared to the main vessel (panel D).</p

Characteristics of participants in obese and non-obese groups.

<p>Characteristics of participants in obese and non-obese groups.</p