Additional file 1: Table S1. of Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with life-threatening motor vehicle collisions in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

World Mental Health sample characteristics by World Bank income categories. Table S2. The distribution of lifetime MVCs and DSM-IV/CIDI PTSD associated with MVCs in the participating World Mental Health surveys. Table S3. Prevalence of PTSD, by selected demographic and collision-specific characteristics, weighted analysis (n = 649). Table S4. Associations of individual prior traumatic events (TE’s) with DSM-IV/CIDI PTSD after randomly selected motor vehicle collisions in the total sample (n = 649). Table S5. Associations of childhood adversities (CAs) with DSM-IV/CIDI PTSD after randomly selected motor vehicle collisions in the total sample (n = 649). Table S6. Associations of prior DSM-IV/CIDI mental disorders with DSM-IV/CIDI PTSD after randomly selected motor vehicle collisions in the total sample (n = 649). (DOCX 74 kb

Additional file 2: of Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with life-threatening motor vehicle collisions in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Study Institutional Review Boards and Consent Features across WMH Survey Initiative. Names of study Institutional Review Boards and features of consent across the WMH Survey Initiative. (XLS 24 kb

Relative WHODAS dimension contributions to the indirect effect of disability on perceived health VAS for each condition, overall sample.

<p>WMH Surveys (Alcohol Abuse and Drug Abuse are not represented because their respective overall indirect effect is not significant).</p

Direct and indirect effects (via WHODAS dimensions) of common chronic conditions on perceived health VAS, overall sample.

<p>WMH Surveys.</p

Distribution of the WHODAS dimension scores by income level. The WMH Surveys.

<p>Distribution of the WHODAS dimension scores by income level. The WMH Surveys.</p

Effects (direct and indirect via WHODAS dimension scores) of conditions on perceived health VAS, overall sample.

<p>WMH surveys.</p><p>p-value<0.05.</p>1<p>Only dimensions with statistically significant effect are included. Getting along and Discrimination not statistically significant.</p

Association between traumatic events and persistence of suicidal behavior¹.

<p>*Significant at the 0.05 level, 2-sided test.</p>1<p>Assessed in Part II sample due to having Part II controls. Countries include: Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, People's Republic of China, Romania, South Africa, Spain, Ukraine, United States. Results are based on discrete time survival model with country differences, a set of age-related variables (i.e., age, onset and time since onset), sociodemographic variables (including sex, educational attainment and marriage), parent psychopathology, and childhood adversity as a control (additional details available upon request).</p>2<p>Each row represents a separate bivariate model; some models do not include data from all countries if the country is missing the variable. India and Brazil were dropped in the bivariate model for Combat, Exposure to War and Refugees; and Brazil was dropped in the bivariate model for Natural Disaster. For Israel, the entire sample is coded “Yes” for Exposure to War with the age of onset set to the age they moved to Israel.</p>3<p>Some countries were missing part of the trauma variables and were coded “No” for those variables in the multivariate models: Combat, Exposure to War and Refugee were all coded “No” for India and Brazil; and Natural Disaster was also coded “No” for Brazil. For Israel, the entire sample is coded “Yes” for Exposure to War with the age of onset set to the age they moved to Israel.</p>4<p>For number of events, the last odd ratio represents the odd of the number or more. For example, for the attempt among ideators, 6 events represent 6 or more events (i.e., 6+ events).</p

Bivariate model for associations between traumatic events and suicidal behavior¹.

<p>*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test.</p>1<p>Assessed in Part II sample due to having Part II controls. Each row represents a separate bivariate model; some models do not include data from all countries if the country is missing the variable. India and Brazil were dropped in the bivariate model for Combat, Exposure to War and Refugees; and Brazil was dropped in the bivariate model for Natural Disaster. For Israel, the entire sample is coded “Yes” for exposure to war with the age of onset set to the age they moved to Israel. Controls for all models included person-year, country, demographic factors (age, sex, time-varying education, time-varying marriage), interactions between life course (3 dichotomous dummies representing early, middle, and later years in the person's life) and demographic variables, parent psychopathology, and childhood adversities (additional details available upon request).</p

General mediation model used in analyses.

<p>The figure displays the general mediation model that has been used to estimate effects according to path-diagrammatic conventions. Squares represent variables. <i>D_i</i> is one of the <i>p = 19</i> disorders under consideration, <i>M_j</i> is one of the <i>k = 8</i> mediating variables (disability dimensions), and VAS is the final outcome. Arrows represent regression slope parameters from independent variables to outcomes. The <i>δ</i> parameters stand for the direct effect regression from disorders to the final outcome. The <i>ι</i> parameters indicate the two regression components of the disorder indirect effects as mediated by <i>M</i>: a) <i>p</i> x <i>k</i> regression parameters from <i>D</i> to <i>M</i> (<i>ι_Dij</i>) and b) k regression parameters from <i>M</i> to VAS (<i>ι_M</i>_j). For each disorder the model can be decomposed in two paths: 1) VAS regressed on disorders, and 2) a causal mediation chain of VAS regressed on mediators which in turn are regressed on disorders. The partial indirect effect of a certain disorder <i>D_i</i> through a mediator <i>M_j</i> is <i>ι_Dij</i> x <i>ι_Mj</i>, whereas its total indirect effect is the sum of the <i>k</i> products across mediators (). Total effects for a disorder are the sum of direct and total indirect effect (<i>δ_i</i>+<i>Ι_i</i>). Directionality cannot be assumed as a causal association in our study due to its cross-sectional, observational nature. Also notice that in the general model, the effect of each disorder on each mediator is adjusted by the direct effect of the remaining disorders (thus controlling for comorbidity), while the impact of a disorder on VAS is controlled by the total effects of the other disorders. Disability is thus fully taken into account, even though it is decomposed in subscales. The effects on VAS are also controlled for age, gender, employment status and country.</p

Suicidal behavior assessed with interactions between DSM-IV PTSD and individual traumatic events¹.

<p>*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test.</p>1<p>Multiviate models included interaction terms between DSM-IV PTSD and each trauma event. Only interaction terms are shown in the table, while the main effects are still controlled for. Assessed in Part II sample due to having Part II controls. Some countries were missing part of the trauma variables and were coded “No” for those variables: Combat, Exposure to War, Refugee were all coded “No” for India and Brazil, and Natural Disaster also coded “No” for Brazil. For Israel, the entire sample is coded “Yes” for exposure to war with the age of onset set to the age they moved to Israel. Controls for all models included person-year, country, demographic factors (age, sex, time-varying education, time-varying marriage), interactions between life course (3 dichotomous dummies representing early, middle, and later years in the person's life) and demographic variables, parent psychopathology, and childhood adversities (additional details available upon request).</p