ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE (Coffea robusta L.) PEEL EXTRACT AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Now in these days infectious diseases seriously affect human health and sometimes these infections might become the cause of human mortality. Most of these infectious diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Although large numbers of antibiotics are available increasing drug resistance in these microorganisms became a serious matter of concern in the scientific community. There is an urgent need for research on alternate natural products that can manage these pathogenic microorganisms without inducing any resistance.  The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Robusta coffee (Coffea robusta L.) fruit peel extract against 5 human pathogenic bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Salmonella thypi NCTC 786. The sample was extracted using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent. The antibacterial activity of fruit peel extract was determined by using the agar diffusion method while the presence of active ingredients was determined by the using TLC-Bioautography assay performed using the mobile phase of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (1 : 3). The results of the study revealed significant antibacterial activity of coffee peel extract against E. coli and B. subtilis with an inhibition zone of 10.15 mm and 10.96 mm, respectively. Furthermore, results of the TLC-Bioautography revealed that the compounds at Rf 0.76 inhibit the growth of E. coli and the compounds at Rf 0.27 inhibit the growth of B. subtilis bacteria. These active spots were suspected to be flavonoid and phenolic compounds, respectively but further confirmation detail study is required in the future

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FOREST MANGGOSTEEN (Garcinia hombroniana Pierre) FRACTION USING DPPH AND ABTS METHOD

This study was carried out to determine the active antioxidant fraction of Garcinia hombroniana bark extract by the DPPH and ABTS method. Along with this, the study also attempts to identify the class of compounds present in the various extract of G. hombroniana by the active fraction. The bark extract of G. hombroniana was prepared by the multilevel maceration method by using three solvents including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol. Results of study suggested that n-hexane (HSE), ethyl acetate (EASE) and ethanol 96% extract (ESE) have antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 423 ± 16.72 μg/mL, 284.89 ± 2.7μg/mL, and 10.49 ± 0.19 μg/mL in DPPH assay, while these extracts showed IC50 value of 560.92 ± 48.86 μg/mL, 430.18 ± 16.65 μg/mL, and 13.92 ± 0.57 μg/mL respectively in ABTS assay. Further, fractionated using vacuum column chromatography revealed the presence of five fractions viz., A, B, C, D, and E. Among these, fractions D showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.83 ± 0.18 μg/mL and 6.82 ± 0.31 μg/mL in DPPH and ABTS assays. Results of the fractioned analysis and qualitative determination showed that the active fraction of G. hombroniana contained flavonoid, triterpenoid, alkaloid, and saponin compounds, and antioxidant activities of these extracts might be due to the presence of these active ingredients

Inisiasi dan pengembangan produk handsanitizer pada center of excellence Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Hasanuddin sebagai upaya pengembangan usaha intelektual kampus

PPUPIK is a community service program for 3 years. The purpose of this activity is to produce the intellectual products from the Faculty of Pharmacy UNHAS, especially Hand sanitizer and Disinfectant products, so that the Center of Excellence of the Faculty of Pharmacy UNHAS (CoE-FFUH) would become an independent business unit that able to support UNHAS' role as PTNBH. The specific target for this first year is the initiation of the development of a production unit of hand sanitizer and disinfectant products at CoE-FFUH. The initiation consists of the determination of documents for the production process, determination of product packaging material and designs, and also pilot-scale production for limited sales. As for the following year, hopefully, this product will be able to obtain a distribution permit for household health supplies (PKRT) so that the commercialization of licensed products can be carried out legally and able to produce more types of PKRT products

Isolation and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi from Melochia umbellata (Houtt)

A study observing endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Melochia umbellata and their antibacterial potencies has been done. Twelve species of endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from Melochia umbellata leaves and twigs. Four of them showed an activity in the antagonist test against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysentriae. The active isolates were fermented in potato dextrose yeast (PDY) medium at 25oC for 21 days with agitation of 150 rpm. The secondary metabolites were extracted from the fermentation medium using ethyl acetate and the mycelia were extracted using methanol. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were assessed for their antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria and some of the isolates extract showed antibacterial activity with inhibition zone obtained were between 0 and 10.51 mm. From ethyl acetate extracts, We were obtained MUD5 94 mg with inhibition zone 8.08 mm against E. coli, 10.51 against S. dysentriae, 7.81 mm against P. aeruginosa, 9.00 mm against V. cholerae, MUR4 116 mg with inhibition zone 8.61 mm against E. Coli, MUR5 was obtained 93 mg with inhibition zone 7.54 mm against E. coli, and MUR6 96 mg with inhibition zone 7.44 mg against P. aeruginosa. While from methanol extracts were obtained MUR6 516 mg with inhibition zone 9.3 mm against P. aeruginosa. Phytochemical identification revealed that the active extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids. From this present work, it can be concluded that these endophytic fungi could be promising source of bioactive compounds and can be used for further study

Studi In Vivo Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) Sebagai Kandidat Obat Analgetik Terhadap Model Hewan Uji Mecit (Mus musculus)

Nyeri merupakan tanda bahwa telah terjadi kerusakan jaringan, inflamasi, atau infeksi. Terapi yang umum digunakan dalam penatalaksanan nyeri adalah menggunakan NSAID (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs). Namun, penggunaan jangka panjang serta penggunaan yang kurang tepat dapat memicu berbagai efek samping, seperti ulcer pepticum. Tanaman Nangka ((Artocarpus heterophyillus L) telah banyak diteliti terkait khasiat dan kandungannya, namun hanya sedikit eksplorasi terhadap bagian kulitnya.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat aktivitas analgetik dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyillus L). Pengujian aktivitas analgetik menggunakan tiga metode in vivo model hewan uji mencit (Mus musculus), yaitu metode hot plate, tail immersion dan induksi kimia asam asetat. Setiap metode pengujian analgetik menggunakan 25 ekor mencit jantan yang dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan. Ekstrak etanol kulit buah Nangka (EEKN) yang diuji dibuat dalam tiga variasi dosis, 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg dan 500 mg kg. Pada pengujian dengan metode hot plate, EEKN dosis 500 mg/kg menunjukkan hasil yang terbaik dengan persen aktivitas analgesik sebesar 97,26%. Hal ini juga terlihat pada pengujian menggunakan metode tail immersion, EEKN dengan dosis 500 mg/kg memiliki waktu latensi terbaik di menit ke 30 yaitu 6.8 ±1.20 detik. Untuk metode induksi geliat menggunakan asam asetat, EEKN dengan dosis 300 mg/kg dan 500 mg/kg menghasilkan persen penghambatan geliat paling baik dengan nilai 78.28% dan 89.14%. Berdasarkan hasil analasis statistik yang digunakan EEKN 500 mg/kg memiliki nilai signifikansi jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif (p<0.05).  Adapun kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dalam penelitian ini yaitu ekstrak etanol kulit buah Nangka pada rentang dosis 300 mg/kg hingga 500 mg/kg memiliki aktivitas sebagai obat analgetik walaupun masih membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut kedepannya

The Cardioprotective Effect of Polysaccharide Sulphate Isolated from Brown Algae (Sargassum polycystum)

The incidence of atherosclerosis is characterized by an increase in the value of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a decrease in the value of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as well as an increase in the total white blood cell count which can indicate the occurrence of atherosclerosis. This study used 18 rats which were divided into 6 groups of 3 each, namely a normal control group, a negative control group (CMC 0.5%), a positive control group (Simvastatin 20 mg/kg BW), and 3 groups given a sulfate polysaccharide isolate compound test material (dosage of 250, 50, and 10 mg/kg of body weight). The results showed that sulfated polysaccharide isolates had an effect in reducing white blood cells significantly between doses of 250 mg/kg BW and 50 mg/kg BW as well as reducing SGOT levels. Unfortunately it did not reduce the SGPT level. The results of the Mann-Whitney post hoc test showed that administration of sulfated polysaccharides at an optimal dose of 250 mg/kg BW reduced the number of foam cells in the atherosclerotic white rats' (Rattus norvegicus) aortas that were given a high-fat diet and had activity in reducing CKMB levels compared to other doses