Heifer Spay

Spaying heifers dates back to the 1850\u27s when it was used to prolong the productivity of milking cows. These cows were spayed at 30 to 40 days after calving or before they came into estrus. This would prolong the milking period of these older cows for two to three years. The cows would also fatten faster on high energy feed for slaughter

The Definition of Indigency: A Modern-Day Legal Jabberwocky.

It is appropriate for legal scholars to attempt to identify what the term “indigency” means as a legal standard as it elicits large disparities in connotation, and therefore, in treatment. In fact, there are so many connotations to choose from that different jurisdictions often look upon the word as a flexible standard which is inherently vague. Such vagueness can only lead to abuse by those who do not really need financial assistance. Three main views exist regarding the proper definition of the word. One group of scholars argues that “indigency” standards should be based on actual income, while a second group notes the problems inherent in establishing such a standard which fairly reflect the needs of the entire country. A third undercurrent focuses on the needs of those defendants who are not poor but not rich, noting that a system which only serves the poor will unintentionally create a middle-class poverty of legal services. This diversity of views leads to inconsistency in application. Appellate courts often exchange the word “indigency” with confusing phrases such as “financially unable to employ counsel,” while at the same time remaining particularly sensitive to a trial court’s discretion in applying the term. A review of the case law shows a vague image of what the modern concept of that standard is thought to be. “Indigency” may now include both the hungry and the satiated, the temporarily fund-less and the permanently poor, and even those whose families could afford pay their legal fees but choose not to because the law now makes it potentially unnecessary to do so. If a less connotative alternative to indigency is determined to be unfeasible, then let the present meaning of the word be clarified as something other than destitution or poverty

The Superintendent\u27s Role in Public Relations

The purpose of this study is to (1) recognize the merit of a public relations program, (2) investigate the role of the superintendent in the program, and (3) analyze some of the techniques involved in supporting such a program

The first 8-13 micron spectra of globular cluster red giants: circumstellar silicate dust grains in 47 Tucanae (NGC 104)

We present 8-13 micron spectra of eight red giants in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (NGC 104), obtained at the European Southern Observatory 3.6m telescope. These are the first mid-infrared spectra of metal-poor, low-mass stars. The spectrum of at least one of these, namely the extremely red, large-amplitude variable V1, shows direct evidence of circumstellar grains made of amorphous silicate.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5 page

The Neon Abundance in the Ejecta of QU Vul From Late-Epoch IR Spectra

We present ground-based SpectroCam-10 mid-infrared, MMT optical, and Spitzer Space Telescope IRS mid-infrared spectra taken 7.62, 18.75, and 19.38 years respectively after the outburst of the old classical nova QU Vulpeculae (Nova Vul 1984 #2). The spectra of the ejecta are dominated by forbidden line emission from neon and oxygen. Our analysis shows that neon was, at the first and last epochs respectively, more than 76 and 168 times overabundant by number with respect to hydrogen compared to the solar value. These high lower limits to the neon abundance confirm that QU Vul involved a thermonuclear runaway on an ONeMg white dwarf and approach the yields predicted by models of the nucleosynthesis in such events.Comment: ApJ 2007 accepted, 18 pages, including 5 figures, 1 tabl

SCS 21: ≤ (n)

Also accessible at https://www2.mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de/~logik/keimel/scs.htm

A mathematical model characterising Achilles tendon dynamics in flexion

The purpose of this study is to acquire mechanistic knowledge of the gastrocnemius muscle-Achilles tendon complex behaviour during specific movements in humans through mathematical modelling. Analysis of this muscle-tendon complex was performed to see if already existing muscle-tendon models of other parts of the body could be applied to the leg muscles, especially the gastrocnemius muscle-Achilles tendon complex, and whether they could adequately characterise its behaviour. Five healthy volunteers were asked to take part in experiments where dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot were studied. A model of the Achilles tendon-gastrocnemius muscle was developed, incorporating assumptions regarding the mechanical properties of the muscle fibres and the tendinous tissue in series. Ultrasound images of the volunteers, direct measurements and additional mathematical calculations were used to parameterise the model. Ground reaction forces, forces on specific joints and moments and angles for the ankle were obtained from a Vicon 3D motion capture system. Model validation was performed from the experimental data captured for each volunteer and from reconstruction of the movements of specific trajectories of the joints, muscles and tendons involved in those movements