THE INFLUENCE OF THE PARTNER CELL ON THE PRODUCTION OF L VIRUS AND THE EXPRESSION OF VIRAL SURFACE ANTIGEN IN HYBRID CELLS

The C-type particles produced by the A9 and A9HT sublines of mouse L cells were shown to infect C3H (N type), but not C57BL (B type), mouse embryo fibroblasts. Infection was indicated by distinct single giant cell formation in the XC monolayer used to overlay the mouse embryo fibroblasts. On the basis of these results it was concluded that the L cell virus is N tropic. A9 and A9HT cells were fused to various mouse cells derived from tumors and normal tissues. The ability to produce the Moloney-type surface antigen and to release infectious virus was introduced by the A9 component into the hybrid cell. Virus production, measured by antigen induction on JLS-V9 cells, was suppressed in those hybrids in which the partner cell had a genotype determining low infectibility with that particular virus (B-type cell). It thus appears that the major genetic locus affecting resistance to infection with leukemia viruses, the Fv-1 locus, regulates infectious virus production in somatic cell hybrids also. The same genetic locus did not seem to govern the expression of all virus-related functions, for the virus-determined membrane antigen was demonstrated in many of the N x B-type hybrids in which production of infectious virus was suppressed

Sources of Wood and Wood Residues for Energy Production in Indiana

As energy prices rise and there is a push for energy to be produced from renewable resources, the contribution of Indiana’s corn and soybean industry often overshadows the impact that wood residues can have in response to these demands. Reports show that the wood products industry is the largest, by paid wages, of any agricultural industry in Indiana and employs 47,000 Hoosiers (Biocrossroads 2005). In fact, Indiana has more than 4.5 million acres of forest land (USDA FS, FIA 2005) compared to about 12.3 million acres of crop land (NASS 2006). In addition to the millions of acres of forestland, Indiana has more than 1600 wood products companies in the primary and secondary sector (Biocrossroads 2005). Because the wood products industry does not use the same resources, markets, or technology as many industries in the grain and livestock agricultural sectors, it is sometimes excluded in agricultural discussions. However, the discussion of lignocellulosic (plant-based) materials for use as a bioenergy feedstock would be incomplete without mentioning the contribution that wood and wood residues can add. In fact, of the six strategies to expand and strengthen Indiana’s agricultural economy that were laid out in A Strategic Plan for Indiana’s Agricultural Economy (Biocrossroads 2005), two were related to growing Indiana’s wood and wood products industry and one to bioenergy

Sources of wood & wood residues for energy production in Indiana

As energy prices rise and there is a push for energy to be produced from renewable resources, the contribution of Indiana’s corn and soybean industry often overshadows the impact that the State’s wood residues can have in response to these demands. Reports show that the wood products industry is the largest, by paid wages, of any agricultural industry in Indiana and employs 47,000 Indianans.1 In fact, Indiana has more than 4.5 million acres of forest land,2 compared to about 12.3 million acres of cropland.3 In addition to the millions of acres of forestland, Indiana has more than 1,600 wood products companies in the primary and secondary sector.1 Because the wood products industry does not use the same resources, markets, or technology as many industries in the grain and livestock agricultural sectors, it is sometimes excluded in agricultural discussions. However, the discussion of lignocellulosic (“plant-based”) materials for use as a bioenergy feedstock would be incomplete without mentioning the contribution that wood and wood residues can add. In fact, of the six strategies to expand and strengthen Indiana’s agricultural economy that were laid out in A Strategic Plan for Indiana’s Agricultural Economy,1 two were related to growing Indiana’s wood and wood products industry and one to bioenergy

Conductivity Measurement for Control of a Biogas Plant

Nowadays in these modern times, when the majority of technologies are dependent on electrical energy, it is necessary to build new sources of energy ecologically and still improve their efficiency. One of the branches, which can contribute to ecology, is biogas plants. When biogas production methods are properly applied in them, these biogas plants have two advantages. One of them is the disposal of biowaste, the other is the production of green electricity in cogeneration units. In this article, steps which will enable better control of biogas transformations are listed. Therefore, they will contribute to the eco biogas production.O

Sources of wood & wood residues for energy production in Indiana

As energy prices rise and there is a push for energy to be produced from renewable resources, the contribution of Indiana’s corn and soybean industry often overshadows the impact that the State’s wood residues can have in response to these demands. Reports show that the wood products industry is the largest, by paid wages, of any agricultural industry in Indiana and employs 47,000 Indianans.1 In fact, Indiana has more than 4.5 million acres of forest land,2 compared to about 12.3 million acres of cropland.3 In addition to the millions of acres of forestland, Indiana has more than 1,600 wood products companies in the primary and secondary sector.1 Because the wood products industry does not use the same resources, markets, or technology as many industries in the grain and livestock agricultural sectors, it is sometimes excluded in agricultural discussions. However, the discussion of lignocellulosic (“plant-based”) materials for use as a bioenergy feedstock would be incomplete without mentioning the contribution that wood and wood residues can add. In fact, of the six strategies to expand and strengthen Indiana’s agricultural economy that were laid out in A Strategic Plan for Indiana’s Agricultural Economy,1 two were related to growing Indiana’s wood and wood products industry and one to bioenergy

Evaluation of different methods for determining the angle of attack on wind turbine blades with CFD results under axial inflow conditions

This work presents an investigation on different methods for the calculation of the angle of attack and the underlying induced velocity on wind turbine blades using data obtained from three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Several methods are examined and their advantages, as well as shortcomings, are presented. The investigations are performed for two 10MW reference wind turbines under axial inflow conditions, namely the turbines designed in the EU AVATAR and INNWIND.EU projects. The results show that the evaluated methods are in good agreement with each other at the mid-span, though some deviations are observed at the root and tip regions of the blades. This indicates that CFD results can be used for the calibration of induction modeling for Blade Element Momentum (BEM) tools. Moreover, using any of the proposed methods, it is possible to obtain airfoil characteristics for lift and drag coefficients as a function of the angle of attack.Comment: This manuscript is Accepted at at Renewable Energy journal- online 13 March 2018 under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licens